The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne
An Online Catalogue Raisonné under the Direction of Société Paul Cezanne
(Formerly directed by Walter Feilchenfeldt, Jayne Warman and David Nash)
FWN 422
Le Nègre Scipion
c.1867
Alternate titles: Bildnis des Negers Scipio; Der Neger Scipio; Der Neger Scipion; El negre; Le nègre; Le nègre Scipion; Le Noir Scipion; Portrait du Nègre Scipion; The Negro Scipion
Rewald (120): c.1867; Venturi revised: c.1868; Venturi (100): 1866–68; Rivière: 1865; Vollard: 1865; Gowing: 1867, probably after No. 121
Oil on canvas
42 1/8 x 32 11/16 in. (107 x 83 cm)
Provenance
Exhibition History
Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Rétrospective d'oeuvres de Cézanne, October 1–22, 1907, no number, ill. lent by Monet [see letters to Durand-Ruel, #1837, dated Sept. 20, 1907, and #1838, dated Oct. 28, 1907].
Musée des Colonies, Paris, Exposition Coloniale Internationale de Paris, May–November 1931, p. 30, ill. in b/w, as Le nègre, lent by Private collection.
Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne, August 30–October 12, 1936, no. 2, ill., as Der Neger Scipion, 1866, lent by Michel Monet, Giverny.
Paul Rosenberg, Paris, Exposition Cézanne (1839-1906), organisée à l'occasion de son centenaire au profit de l’œuvre de l'allaitement maternel, February 21–April 1, 1939, no. 1, ill., as Portrait du Nègre Scipion, 1867, lent by Michel Monet.
Rosenberg & Helft, London, Exhibition Cézanne (1839-1906) to celebrate his centenary, April 19–May 20, 1939, no. 1, ill., (dated 1867), lent by M. Monet.
Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, De David à Cézanne, November 1947–January 1948, no. 137, as Le nègre, lent by Private collection.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 4, ill. lent by São Paulo. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.
Orangerie, Paris, Chefs-d'oeuvre du Musée d'Art de São Paulo, October 10, 1953–January 1954, no. 2. Traveled to: Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, January 14–February 28, 1954; Utrecht Centraal Museum, March 6–May 2, 1954; Berner Kunstmusuem, Bern, Switzerland, May 8–June 7, 1954; Tate Gallery, London, June 19–August 15, 1954; Palazzo reale, Milan, November 1954–February 1955.
Tate Gallery, London, Masterpieces from the São Paulo Museum of Art, June 19–August 15, 1954, no. 44, ill.
Palazzo Reale, Milan, Dipinti del Museo d'arte di San Paolo del Brasile, November 1954–February 1955, no. 63, ill.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Paintings from the São Paulo Museum of Art, March 21–June 2, 1957, no. 43, ill.
Haus der Kunst, Munich, Französische Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts, von David bis Cézanne, October 7, 1964–January 6, 1965, no. 18, ill. not shown.
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, March 30–May 19, 1974, no. 3, ill. Traveled to: Municipal Museum, Kyoto, Japan, June 1–July 17, 1974; Cultural Center, Fukuoka, Japan, July 24–August 18, 1974.
Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Madrid, Paul Cézanne, March 9–April 1984, no. 2, ill.
Isetan Museum of Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, September 18–October 7, 1986, no. 3, ill. lent by Museu de Arte de São Paulo. Traveled to: Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art, Kobe, Japan, October 10–November 9, 1986; Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery, Nagoya, Japan, November 15–December 4, 1986.
Royal Academy of Arts, London, Cézanne: The Early Years 1859–1872, April 22–August 21, 1988, no. 30, ill. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Cézanne: les années de jeunesse 1859-1872, Paris, September 19, 1988–January 1, 1989; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., January 29–April 30, 1989.
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 11, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.
Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan, Cézanne and Japan, September 11–December 19, 1999, no. 4, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion. Traveled to: Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan, January 5–March 12, 2000.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde, September 14, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 25, ill., fig. 40, pp. 39, 335–36, as Le Nègre Scipion, shown in New York and Chicago only. Traveled to: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, February 17–May 13, 2007; Musée d'Orsay, Paris, June 19–September 16, 2007.
Musée du Luxembourg, Paris, Cézanne et Paris, October 12, 2011–February 26, 2012, no. 16, ill., p. 45, as Le Nègre Scipion, lent by MASP, São Paulo.
Complesso del Vittoriano, Rome, Cézanne e gli artisti italiani del '900, October 5, 2013–February 2, 2014, no. 4, ill.
Museu de Arte de Sao Paulo Assis Chateaubriand - MASP, Sao Paulo, Arte da França: de Delacroix a Cézanne, July 17–November 8, 2015.
Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris, Monet Collectionneur, September 14, 2017–January 14, 2018, no. 58, ill.
Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Le modèle noir: de Géricault à Matisse, March 26–July 21, 2019, no. 156, listed p. 356, ill. p. 204, as Le Noir Scipion, 1866-1868.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cezanne, May 15–September 5, 2022, no. 25, ill. 1866–68, Reflection: "When is a Place" by Ellen Gallagher, pp. 93–94. Traveled to: Tate Modern, London, October 6, 2022–March 12, 2023.
Published References
Bernheim-Jeune, ed. Cézanne. With contributions by O. Mirbeau, T. Duret, L. Werth, et al. Paris: Editions Hollande, 1914, pl. XII.
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Vollard, 1914, pl. 4, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Munich: Kurt Wolfe Verlag, 1921, ill. opp. p. 28, as Bildnis des Negers Scipio, dated 1865.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 86, as Der Neger Scipion, 1885.
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, p. 197, listed.
Glaser, Curt. "Das Cézanne-Buch Joachim Gasquets I [and] II." Kunst und Künstler 25, nos. 8 and 9 (1927), ill. p. 330.
Pfister, Kurt. Cézanne: Gestalt, Werk, Mythos. Potsdam: Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, 1927, fig. 17, as Der Neger Scipio, 1865.
Alazard, Jean. "L'Exotisme dans la peinture française au XIXe siècle." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 6, periode 6 (October 1931), p. 254, ill.
Zervos, Christian. "Les Problèmes de la jeune peinture: Le retour au sujet est-il probable?" Cahiers d'Art, nos. 3 and 4 (1931), p. 205, ill.
Di San Lazzaro, Gualtieri. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Chroniques du Jour, 1936, fig. 1.
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 100, ill. vol. II, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Vollard, Ambroise. En écoutant Cézanne, Degas, Renoir. Paris: B. Grasset, 1938, p. 20, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Bagarry, Adrien-Pierre. "Le centenaire de Cézanne." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 22, no. 1 (March 1939), p. 2, ill., as Portrait du Nègre Scipion, 1867, Michel Monet collection.
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 24, listed.
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1946, p. 141, ill.
Storey, Benjamin. "Retrospettiva Cézanne." Emporium 115, no. 689 (May 1952), p. 196, ill.
Bardi, P.M. and Hélène Adhémar. Art et Style. 30, L'art français au Musée d'art de Sao-Paulo. Paris, 1st trimester 1954, ill. in b/w. (n.p.), as Le Nègre Scipion, c. 1866-1868.
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961, p. 158, ill.
Gimpel, René. Journal d'un collectionneur marchand de tableaux. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1963, p. 155.
Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 56, ill.
Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne, L'Ecole de dessin et le Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne au Musée d'Aix. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 183.
Wetzel, Christoph. Paul Cézanne: Leben u. Werk. Stuttgart/Zurich: Belser, 1984, p. 15, ill. in color.
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 27, pl. 3.
Lévêque, Jean Jacques. La Vie et l'oeuvre de Paul Cézanne. Courbevoie: ACR, 1988, p. 63, ill. in color.
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 26, ill.
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 120, ill. vol. 2 and p. 25, ill. col. vol. 1, as Le Nègre Scipion.
Coutagne, Denis. "Approche contradictoire d'un thème: Le Jas de Bouffan chez Cézanne." In Cézanne aujourd'hui. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1997, p. 80.
Benedetti, Maria Teresa. "Cézanne: le idee, la mostra." In Cezanne: Il padre dei moderni. Milano: Mazzotta, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 25.
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "Cézanne's Paintings in the Grand Salon at Jas de Bouffan." In Jas de Bouffan: Cézanne, Société Paul Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Hexagone, 2004, fig. 75, ill. in color.
Tosini, Aurora Scotti. "Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)." In Cézanne, Renoir. Milan: Skira, 2005. Exhibition catalogue, p. 47, ill.
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Gemälde: Formate und Themen, Echtheitsfragen." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 234, ill.
Jensen, Robert. "Vollard and Cézanne: An Anatomy of a Relationship." In Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 39, fig. 40, as The Negro Scipion.
Société Paul Cézanne. P. Cézanne: À Paris et en Île de France. ed., Denis Coutagne. Marseille: Éditions Crès, 2011, p. 21, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion.
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "La montée de Cézanne à Paris." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 45, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion.
Dombrowski, André. Cézanne, Murder, and Modern Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, p. 40, fig. 17.
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Jas de Bouffan." In Le "basho" dans l'art moderne français. Tokyo: Sangensha, 2016, p. 115, ill.
Patin, Sylvie. Monet's Private Picture Gallery at Giverny. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2016, p. 127, ill.
Lobstein, Dominique. "Paul Cézanne in the Monet Collection." In Monet Collectionneur [Monet, The Collector]. Vanves: Editions Hazan, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, pp. 168–72, p. 170, ill.
Mathieu, Marianne, and Dominique Lobstein with the collaboration of Claire Gooden. "Vue synoptique de la collection Monet." In Monet Collectionneur [Monet, The Collector]. Vanves: Editions Hazan, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 268, listed and ill.
Patin, Sylvie. "Cézanne et Monet." In Paul Cezanne, Le chant de la terre. Martigny: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 57, fig. 2.
Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Floriane Dauberville. Paul Cezanne chez Bernheim-Jeune. Paris: Editions G-P.F. Dauberville & Archives Bernheim-Jeune, 2020, no. 206, ill., as Le nègre Scipion.
Notes
Scipion was a model at the Académie Suisse. This work is stylistically close to L'Enlèvement (L'Enlèvement, 1867 (590)), which is dated 1867.
Record last updated July 18, 2022. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Le Nègre Scipion, c.1867 (FWN 422)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=131 (accessed on September 8, 2024).
