« previous // view all catalogue entries // next »

Catalogue entry

FWN 590

L'Enlèvement

1867

Alternate titles: Academic – Landscape with Nude Figures; Der Raub; El rapto; Entführung; The Abduction; The Elopement; The Rape; The Rape (L'enlèvement)

Rewald (121): 1867; Venturi revised: 1867; Venturi (101): 1867; Rivière: 1868

Oil on canvas

35 5/8 x 46 1/16 in. (90.5 x 117 cm)

Signed and dated lower left: 67 Cezanne

The Provost and Fellows of King's College, Cambridge University (Keynes Collection), on loan to the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Keywords

People
Other:
- Scipion »
Figure compositions:
- figure(s) in landscape or figure composition »
Technique and Condition:
- dated work »
- signed work »

Catalogue Entry
Additional Materials
Sketchbook

Provenance

Émile Zola, Médan;

Zola Collection, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, Mar. 9–13, 1903, no. 115

Ambroise Vollard, Paris

[Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris]

Mr. and Mrs. H.O. Havemeyer, New York (April 1903);

Havemeyer Collection, American-Anderson Galleries, New York, Apr. 10 1930, no. 80

Chester Dale, New York

Galerie E. Bignou, Paris and New York

Société La Peinture Contemporaine, Lucerne;

Vente de la dissolution d'une Socété, Galerie Charpentier, Paris, June 26, 1934, no. 4, ill.

Wildenstein Galleries, London

J. Maynard Keynes, London;

The Provost and Fellows of King's College, Cambridge University (Keynes Collection)

Exhibition History

1917 New York

Arden Gallery, New York, [Cézanne], March 1917, lent by Havemeyer.

1930 Paris

Galerie George Petit, Paris, Cent ans de peinture française: exposition au profit de la cité universitaire, June 15–30, 1930, no. 26, as L'Enlèvement.

1933 London

Reid & Lefevre, London, French Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Ingres to Cézanne, June 9 - end of July 1933, no. 3, ill. lent by Vollard.

1934 Cleveland

Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, French Art, 1934, no. 3.

1934 Ottawa and traveling

National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, French Painting of the 19th Century, January 1934, no. 10, ill. Traveled to: Art Gallery of Toronto, Toronto, February 1934; Art Association, Montreal, March 1934.

1934 Glasgow

McLellan Gallery, Glasgow, United Kingdom, French Painting in the XIXth Century, May 1934, no. 3.

1935b Paris

Galerie Renou et Colle, Paris, Aquarelles et baignades de Cézanne, June 3–17, 1935.

1935b London

Alex Reid & Lefevre, London, Cézanne, July 1935, no. 1, ill., as L'Enlèvement.

1952 Chicago and traveling

The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 6, ill. lent by Keynes. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.

1953c Paris

Orangerie, Paris, Monticelli et le baroque provençal, June 19–September 15, 1953, no. 6, as L'Enlèvement, 1867, lent by Lady Keynes, London.

1954 Edinburgh and traveling

Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Paintings by Cézanne, August 20–September 18, 1954, no. 4, pl. II, as L'Enlèvement, lent by Lady Keynes. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, September 29–October 27, 1954.

1988–89a London and traveling

Royal Academy of Arts, London, Cézanne: The Early Years 1859–1872, April 22–August 21, 1988, no. 31, ill. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Cézanne: les années de jeunesse 1859-1872, Paris, September 19, 1988–January 1, 1989; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., January 29–April 30, 1989.

1989 Basel

Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne: Die Badenden, September 10–December 10, 1989, no. 2, pl. 18.

1990 Aix-en-Provence

Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France, Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne, June 16–September 2, 1990, no. 24, fig. 27.

1993 Tübingen

Kunsthalle, Tübingen, Germany, Cézanne Gemälde, January 16–May 2, 1993, no. 1, ill.

1995–96 Paris and traveling

Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 12, ill. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.

1999–2000 Yokohama and traveling

Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan, Cézanne and Japan, September 11–December 19, 1999, no. 5, ill., as L'Enlèvement. Traveled to: Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan, January 5–March 12, 2000.

2006–07 New York and traveling

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde, September 14, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 24, fig. 30, pp. 30, 335, as L'Enlèvement, shown in Chicago and Paris only. Traveled to: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, February 17–May 13, 2007; Musée d'Orsay, Paris, June 19–September 16, 2007.

2006–07 London

National Gallery, London, Cézanne in Britain, October 4, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 6, ill., as The Abduction.

2012–13 Budapest

Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary, Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity, October 25, 2012–February 17, 2013, no. 25, ill.

2014–15a Paris

Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Sade: attaquer le soleil, September 14, 2014–January 25, 2015, no. 53, ill., listed p. 326, as L'Enlèvement.

2015–16 Minneapolis and traveling

Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Delacroix and the Rise of Modern Art, October 18, 2015–January 16, 2016, no. 48, ill. Traveled to: National Gallery, London, February 17–May 22, 2016.

Published References

Meier-Graefe 1904

Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Cézanne und sein Kreis: Paul Cézanne." In Entwicklungsgeschichte der modernen Kunst: vergleichende Betrachtungen der bildenden Künste, als Beitrag zu einer neuen Aesthetik vol. 1. Stuttgart: Jul. Hoffmann, 1904, p. 168; pl. 62 (vol. 3), as L'Enlèvement.

Duret 1906

Duret, Théodore. Histoire des peintres impressionnistes: Pissarro, Claude Monet, Sisley, Renoir, Berthe Morisot, Cézanne, Guillaumin. Paris: H. Floury, 1906, ill. p. 171.

Meier-Graefe 1908

Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Cézanne and his Circle: Paul Cézanne." In Modern Art: Being a Contribution to a New System of Aesthetics. vol. I, translated by Florence Simmonds and George W. Chrystal. London: Heinemann, 1908, p. 268, ill. between pp. 266, 267, as The Rape (L'enlèvement).

Meier-Graefe 1910

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1910, ill. p. 9.

Burger 1913

Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1913, pl. 45, as Entführung.

Meier-Graefe 1913

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1913, ill. p. 9.

Meier-Graefe 1918a

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. p. 86.

Burger 1919

Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1919, p. 45.

Wilde 1920

Wilde, E. "Figures d'Artistes, Paul Cézanne." La Renaissance de Montmartre (Paris), no. 1 (June 1, 1920), p. VI, as L'Enlèvement.

Meier-Graefe 1922

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 92, as Entführung, 1866-68.

Burger 1923

Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1923, pl. 45.

Meier-Graefe 1923

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper, 1923, ill. p. 11.

Rivière 1923

Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, pp. 46, 198, listed.

Anonymous 1930

Anonymous. "Versteigerung der Bilder aus der Havemeyer Collection." Kunst und Künstler 28, no. 9 (1930), p. 395, ill.

Beaux-arts 1930b

"Ventes étrangères: […] Collection de Mrs H.O. Havemeyer." Beaux-arts: Chronique des arts et de la curiosité, no. 5 (May 20, 1930), p. 18, ill. p. 17, as L'Enlèvement.

Havemeyer 1931

H.O. Havemeyer Collection: Catalogue of Paintings, Prints, Sculpture and Object of Art. Portland, Me.: [privately published], 1931, p. 501, as Academic – Landscape with Nude Figures.

Fry 1933

Fry, Roger. "Modern French Art at the Lefevre Gallery." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 63, no. 364 (July 1933), p. 24, fig. B pl. I p. [25], as L'Enlèvement.

Furst 1933

Furst, Herbert. "From Ingres to Cézanne." Apollo 18, no. 103 (July 1933), p. 7, ill.

Venturi 1936b

Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 101, ill. vol. II, as L'Enlèvement.

Rewald 1936e

Rewald, John. Cézanne et Zola. Paris: Editions A. Sedrowski, 1936, fig. 14.

Rewald 1937a

Rewald, John. "A propos du catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre de Paul Cézanne et de la chronologie de cette œuvre." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 20, nos. 3-4 (March–April 1937), p. 54, as L'Enlèvement.

Vollard 1938

Vollard, Ambroise. En écoutant Cézanne, Degas, Renoir. Paris: B. Grasset, 1938, p. 23, as L'Enlèvement.

Barnes and de Mazia 1939

Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 8, listed.

Rewald 1939c

Rewald, John. Cézanne, sa vie, son œuvre, son amitié pour Zola. Paris: Albin Michel, 1939, fig. 15.

Rewald 1946

Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1946, p. 140, ill.

Kuhn 1947

Kuhn, Walt. "Cézanne: Delayed Finale." Art News 46, no. 2 (April 1947), p. 56, ill.

Dorival 1948

Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 11, listed pp. 142-143.

Rewald 1948b

Rewald, John. Paul Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1948, fig. 24.

Rewald 1950a

Rewald, John. Cézanne. London: Phoenix House, 1950, fig. 12.

Adhémar 1952

Adhémar, Jean. Emile Zola. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1952. Exhibition catalogue, no. 168, reproduction shown in exhibition.

Wallis 1954

Wallis, Nevile. "Cézanne: A Pioneer of Modern Painting." Connoisseur 134 (December 1954), p. 205, ill.

Beucken 1955

Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], pp. 112, 294.

Berthold 1958

Berthold, Gertrude. Cézanne und die alten Meister. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1958, pp. 45–46, fig. 72.

Adhémar 1960

Adhémar, Jean. "Le cabinet de travail de Zola." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 56, periode 6 (November 1960), pp. 293 et 294 (no. 133).

Novotny 1960

Novotny, Fritz. Painting and Sculpture in Europe 1780 to 1880. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960, p. 206, as The Elopement.

Rewald 1961

Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961, p. 158, ill.

Beucken 1962

Beucken, Jean de. Cézanne. New York: Viking Press, 1962, p. 38, ill.

Lichtenstein 1964a

Lichtenstein, Sara. "Cézanne and Delacroix." The Art Bulletin 46, no. 1 (March 1964), no. 3.

Pool 1967

Pool, Phoebe. Impressionism. New York: Praeger, 1967, pl. 140, as The Rape.

Schapiro 1973

Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 26, ill.

Elgar 1975

Elgar, Frank. Cézanne. New York: Praeger, 1975, fig. 9.

Wadley 1975

Wadley, Nicholas. Cézanne and His Art. London: Hamlyn, 1975, pl. 81.

Harris 1982

Harris, Nathaniel. The Art of Cézanne. London: Optimum Books, 1982, p. 25, ill. in b/w (detail).

Ely 1984

Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne, L'Ecole de dessin et le Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne au Musée d'Aix. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 184.

Bernard, B. 1986

Bernard, Bruce. The Impressionist Revolution. London: Orbis, 1986, p. 236, ill.

Pickvance and Takumi 1986

Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 27, b/w.

Rewald 1986b

Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986, p. 79, ill. p. 50.

Düchting 1989

Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 32, ill.

Lewis 1989

Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne's Early Imagery. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, pp. 151–70, pl. X.

Rewald 1989

Rewald, John. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, pp. 44, 99, 124, 306, fig. 16.

Ely 1990

Ely, Bruno. "La plus haute sommité du département." In Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990, p. 175, fig. 159.

Paas 1990

Paas Sigrun. "Betrachtungen zu Blau in der Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts." In Blau: Farbe der Ferne, Hans Gercke (editor). Heidelberg: Das Wunderhorn, 1990. Exhibition catalogue, p. 161-163, as Der Raub.

Coutagne 1990c

Coutagne, Denis. "Cézanne, tradition et modernité." In Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990, p. 80, fig. 27.

Naubert-Riser 1992

Naubert-Riser, Constance. Cézanne. London: Studio Editions, 1994, p. 8.

Verdi 1992

Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 34, fig. 20.

Kropmanns 1993

Kropmanns, Peter. "Cézanne, Delacroix et Hercule: Réflexions sur 'L'enlèvement,' 1867, oeuvre de jeunesse de Paul Cézanne." Revue de l'art 100 (1993).

Wold 1993

Wold, Gretchen. "Appendix." In Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue, no. 67, ill.

Bonafoux 1995

Bonafoux, Pascal. Cézanne: portrait. Paris: Editions Hazan, 1995, p. 138, ill.

Bozal 1995

Bozal, Valeriano. "Paul Cézanne: la mirada es le leguaje." La Balsa de la Medusa (Madrid) 36 (1995), p. 86, ill. p. 87, as El rapto.

Coutagne 1995

Coutagne, Denis. Cézanne en Provence. Paris: Editions Assouline, 1995.

Patin 1995

Patin, Sylvie. Cézanne. Paris: Editions Hazan, 1995, p. 30.

Cahn 1995b

Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 45, ill.

Coutagne 1995b

Coutagne, Denis. "Les paysages." Dossier de l'art (Dijon), no. 25 (September - October 1995), ill. p. 14.

Coutagne et al. 1996

Coutagne, Denis, et al. Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996, p. 177.

Rewald 1996

Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 121, ill. vol. 2 and p. 25, ill. col. vol. 1, as L'Enlèvement.

Smith 1996

Smith, Paul. Interpreting Cézanne. London: Tate Publishing, 1996, p. 17, fig. 8, as The Abduction.

Coutagne 1997

Coutagne, Denis. "Approche contradictoire d'un thème: Le Jas de Bouffan chez Cézanne." In Cézanne aujourd'hui. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1997, p. 80.

Coutagne 2000

Coutagne, Denis. "Cézanne au fil de l'eau." In Au fil de l'eau. Aix-en-Provence: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 23, as L'Enlèvement.

Lewis 2000

Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, pp. 68-9, fig. 36.

Freudenberg 2001

Freudenberg, Inken. Der Zweifler Cézanne. Heidelberg: Kehrer Verlag Heidelberg, 2001, pl. 22.

Ballas 2002

Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, p. 308, no. 243, ill., as L'Enlèvement.

Mori 2002

Mori, Gioia. "'La letteratura si esprime con astrazioni mentre il pittore concretizza.' Gli scrittori di Cézanne: Zola, Balzac e Flaubert." In Cézanne: Il padre dei moderni. Milan: Mazzotta, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 83.

Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2003

Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 198, fig. 5.10, as L'Enlèvement.

Nagaï 2003

Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Time." 2001.

Kitschen 2004

Kitschen, Friederike. "Der 'deutsche' Cézanne in der Kunstrezeption der Wilhelminischen Epoche." In Distanz und Aneignung. Relations artistiques entre la France et l'Allemagne. Kunstbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich 1870–1945, Edited by Alexandre Kostka and Françoise Lucbert. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2004, p. 323, ill.

Feilchenfeldt 2005c

Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Motive: Versuch einer neuen Ordnung." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 201, ill.

Jensen 2006

Jensen, Robert. "Vollard and Cézanne: An Anatomy of a Relationship." In Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 30, fig. 30, as The Abduction.

Baumann 2008

Baumann, Felix A. "One of the Greatest of All Time!" In Cézanne & Giacometti: Paths of Doubt. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2008. Exhibition catalogue, p. 84, fig. 3, as The Abduction.

Simms 2008

Simms, Matthew. Cézanne's watercolors: between drawing and painting. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, p. 38, fig. 29.

Lanchner 2009

Lanchner, Carolyn. "Cézanne and Giacometti: An Odd Couple." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 384, fig. 14.1, as The Abduction.

Coutagne 2011b

Coutagne, Denis. "Le Femme exposée." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 86, fig. 35, as L'Enlèvement.

Coutagne 2011d

Coutagne, Denis. Cézanne abstraction faite. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2011, p. 169, fig. 111.

Colrat 2013

Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 373, pl. 166.

Dombrowski 2013

Dombrowski, André. Cézanne, Murder, and Modern Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, p. 32, fig. 11.

Rubin, J. 2013

Rubin, James. "Amitiés et théories: Courbet/Proudhon, Cézanne/Zola ou comment Cézanne connu Courbet." In Courbet/Cézanne, La vérité en peinture. Lyon: Fage éditions, 2013. Exhibition catalogue, p. 60, fig. 10.

Société Paul Cezanne 2019

Cezanne, Jas de Bouffan: art et histoire. Under the scientific direction of Denis Coutagne and François Chédeville. Lyon; Aix-en-Provence: Fage édition; Société Paul Cezanne, 2019, fig. 103 p. 118.

Nagaï 2022a

Nagaï, Takanori. Truth in Panting: The Meaning of Cezanne's Practices for Modernizing Society. Tokyo: Sangesha Publishers Inc., 2022, pl. 35.

Asano 2025

Asano, Haruo. "Un chef-d'oeuvre de Paul Cezanne au Japon." 2025, fig. 3.

Notes

According to Rivière (1923, p. 198) and subsequent scholars, the work was executed in Emile Zola's home on the rue La Condamine. It seems, however, that the writer did not take up residence there until 1869. He did, however live on the rue Moncey in 1867, where the work could have been painted. Alternatively, L'Enlèvement may have been executed in Cézanne's rue Beautreillis studio, where he also painted Le Poêle de l'atelier (FWN 703) two years earlier.

Related work

Record last updated February 5, 2021. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.

Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "L'Enlèvement, 1867 (FWN 590)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=132 (accessed on July 11, 2025).