The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne
An online catalogue raisonné under the direction of Walter Feilchenfeldt, Jayne Warman and David Nash
Catalogue entry
FWN 590
L'enlèvement
1867
Alternate titles: Academic – Landscape with Nude Figures; Entführung; The Abduction; The Elopement; The Rape; The Rape (L'enlèvement)
Rewald: (121) 1867; Venturi revised: 1867; Venturi: (101) 1867; Rivière: 1868
Oil on canvas
35 5/8 x 46 1/16 in. (90.5 x 117 cm)
Signed and dated lower left: 67 Cezanne
Provenance
Exhibition History
Arden Gallery, New York, [Cézanne], March, 1917, lent by Havemeyer.
Galerie George Petit, Paris, Cent Ans de peinture française, June 15–30, 1930, no. 26, as L'enlèvement.
Reid & Lefevre, London, French Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Ingres to Cézanne, June–July 1933, no. 3, ill. lent by Vollard.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, French Art, 1934, no. 3.
McLellan Gallery, Glasgow, United Kingdom, French Painting in the XIXth Century, May, 1934, no. 3.
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, French Painting of the 19th Century, January, 1934, no. 10, ill. Traveled to: Art Gallery of Toronto, Toronto, February, 1934. Art Association, Montreal, March, 1934.
Alex Reid & Lefevre, London, Cézanne, July, 1935, no. 1, ill., as L'enlèvement.
Renou & Colle, Paris, Aquarelles et baignades de Cézanne, June 3–17, 1935.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 6, ill. lent by Keynes. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.
Orangerie, Paris, Monticelli et le baroque provençal, June 19–September 15, 1953, no. 6, as L'enlèvement, 1867, lent by Lady Keynes, London.
Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Paintings by Cézanne, August 20–September 18, 1954, no. 4, pl. II, lent by Lady Keynes. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, September 29–October 27, 1954.
Royal Academy of Arts, London, Cézanne: The Early Years 1859–1872, April 22–August 21, 1988, no. 31, ill. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Cézanne: les années de jeunesse 1859-1872, Paris, September 19–January 1, 1988. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C, January 29–April 30, 1989.
Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne: Die Badenden, September 10–December 10, 1989, no. 2, pl. 18.
Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France, Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne, June 16–September 2, 1990, no. 24, fig. 27.
Kunsthalle, Tübingen, Germany, Cézanne Gemälde, January 16–May 2, 1993, no. 1, ill.
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 12, ill. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.
Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan, Cézanne and Japan, September 11–December 19, 1999, no. 5, ill., as L'enlèvement. Traveled to: Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan, January 5–March 12, 2000.
National Gallery, London, Cézanne in Britain, October 4, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 6, ill., as The Abduction.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde, September 14, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 24, fig. 30, pp. 30, 335, as L'enlèvement, shown in Chicago and Paris only. Traveled to: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, February 17–May 13, 2007. Musée d'Orsay, Paris, June 19–September 16, 2007.
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, Hungary, Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity, October 25, 2012–February 17, 2013, no. 25, ill.
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Delacroix and the Rise of Modern Art, October 18, 2015–January 16, 2016, no. 48, ill. Traveled to: National Gallery, London, February 17–May 22, 2016.
Published References
Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Cézanne und sein Kreis: Paul Cézanne." In Entwicklungsgeschichte der modernen Kunst: vergleichende Betrachtungen der bildenden Künste, als Beitrag zu einer neuen Aesthetik vol. 1. Stuttgart: Jul. Hoffmann, 1904, p. 168; pl. 62 (vol. 3) as L'enlèvement.
Duret, Théodore. Histoire des peintres impressionnistes: Pissarro, Claude Monet, Sisley, Renoir, Berthe Morisot, Cézanne, Guillaumin. Paris: H. Floury, 1906, ill. p. 171.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Cézanne and his Circle: Paul Cézanne." In Modern Art: Being a Contribution to a New System of Aesthetics. vol. I, translated by Florence Simmonds and George W. Chrystal. London: Heinemann, 1908, p. 268, ill. between pp. 266, 267 as The Rape (L'enlèvement).
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co. 1910, ill. p. 9.
Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1913, pl. 45 as Entführung.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper & Co. 1913, ill. p. 9.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. p. 86.
Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1919, p. 45.
Wilde, E. "Figures d'Artistes, Paul Cézanne." La Renaissance de Montmartre (Paris), no. 1 (June 1, 1920), p. VI as L'enlèvement.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 92 as Entführung, 1866-68.
Burger, Fritz. Cézanne und Hodler. Munich: Delphin Verlag, 1923, pl. 45.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper, 1923, ill. p. 11.
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, pp. 46, 198, listed.
Anonymous. "Versteigerung der Bilder aus der Havemeyer Collection." Kunst und Künstler 28, no. 9 (1930), p. 395, ill.
"Ventes étrangères: [...] Collection de Mrs H.O. Havemeyer." Beaux-arts: Chronique des arts et de la curiosité, no. 5 (May 20, 1930), p. 18, ill. p. 17 as L'enlèvement.
H.O. Havemeyer Collection: Catalogue of Paintings, Prints, Sculpture and Object of Art. Portland, Me.: [privately published], 1931, p. 501 as Academic – Landscape with Nude Figures.
Fürst, Herbert. "From Ingres to Cézanne." Apollo 18, no. 103 (July 1933), p. 7, ill.
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 101, ill. vol. II as L'enlèvement.
Rewald, John. Cézanne et Zola. Paris: Editions A. Sedrowski, 1936, fig. 14.
Rewald, John. "A propos du catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre de Paul Cézanne et de la chronologie de cette œuvre." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 20, nos. 3-4 (March–April 1937), p. 54 as L'enlèvement.
Vollard, Ambroise. En écoutant Cézanne, Degas, Renoir. Paris: B. Grasset, 1938, p. 23 as L'enlèvement.
Barnes, Albert C, and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 8, listed.
Rewald, John. Cézanne, sa vie, son œuvre, son amitié pour Zola. Paris: Albin Michel, 1939, fig. 15.
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1946, p. 140, ill.
Kuhn, Walt. "Cézanne: Delayed Finale." Art News 46, no. 2 (April 1947), p. 56, ill.
Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 11, listed pp. 142-143.
Rewald, John. Paul Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1948, fig. 24.
Rewald, John. Cézanne. London: Phoenix House, 1950, fig. 12.
Adhémar, Jean. Emile Zola. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1952. Exhibition catalogue, no. 168, reproduction shown in exhibition.
Wallis, Nevile. "Cézanne: A Pioneer of Modern Painting." Connoisseur 134 (December 1954), p. 205, ill.
Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], pp. 112, 294.
Berthold, Gertrude. Cézanne und die alten Meister. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1958, pp. 45–46, fig. 72.
Adhémar, Jean. "Le cabinet de travail de Zola." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 56, periode 6 (November 1960), pp. 293 et 294 (no. 133).
Novotny, Fritz. Painting and Sculpture in Europe 1780 to 1880. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960, p. 206 as The Elopement.
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961, p. 158, ill.
Beucken, Jean de. Cézanne. New York: Viking Press, 1962, p. 38, ill.
Lichtenstein, Sara. "Cézanne and Delacroix." Art Bulletin 46, no. 1 (March 1964), no. 3.
Pool, Phoebe. Impressionism. New York: Praeger, 1967, pl. 140 as The Rape.
Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 26, ill.
Elgar, Frank. Cézanne. New York: Praeger, 1975, fig. 9.
Wadley, Nicholas. Cézanne and His Art. London: Hamlyn, 1975, pl. 81.
Harris, Nathaniel. The Art of Cézanne. London: Optimum Books, 1982, p. 25, ill. in b/w (detail).
Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne, L'Ecole de dessin et le Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne au Musée d'Aix. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 184.
Bernard, Bruce. The Impressionist Revolution. London: Orbis, 1986, p. 236, ill.
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 27, b/w.
Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986, p. 79, ill. p. 50.
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 32, ill.
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne's Early Imagery. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, pp. 151–70, pl. X.
Rewald, John. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, pp. 44, 99, 124, 306, fig. 16.
Ely, Bruno. "La plus haute sommité du département." In Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990, p. 175, fig. 159.
Coutagne, Denis. "Cézanne, tradition et modernité." In Sainte-Victoire: Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990, p. 80, fig. 27.
Naubert-Riser, Constance. Cézanne. London: Studio Editions, 1994, p. 8.
Kropmanns, Peter. "Cézanne, Delacroix et Hercule: Réflexions sur 'L'enlèvement,' 1867, oeuvre de jeunesse de Paul Cézanne." Revue de l'art 100 (1993).
Wold, Gretchen. "Appendix." In Splendid Legacy: The Havemeyer Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. Exhibition catalogue, no. 67, ill.
Bonafoux, Pascal. Cézanne: portrait. Paris: Editions Hazan, 1995, p. 138, ill.
Coutagne, Denis. Cézanne en Provence. Paris: Editions Assouline, 1995.
Patin, Sylvie. Cézanne. Paris: Editions Hazan, 1995, p. 30.
Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 45, ill.
Coutagne, Denis. "Les paysages." Dossier de l'art (Dijon), no. 25 (September - October 1995), ill. p. 14.
Coutagne, Denis, et al. Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996, p. 177.
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 121, ill. vol. 2 and p. 25, ill. col. vol. 1 as L'enlèvement.
Smith, Paul. Interpreting Cézanne. London: Tate Publishing, 1996, p. 17, fig. 8 as The Abduction.
Coutagne, Denis. "Cézanne au fil de l'eau." In Au fil de l'eau. Aix-en-Provence: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 23 as L'enlèvement.
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 68-9, pl. 36.
Freudenberg, Inken. Der Zweifler Cézanne. Heidelberg: Kehrer Verlag Heidelberg, 2001, pl. 22.
Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, p. 308, no. 243, ill. as L'enlèvement.
Mori, Gioia. "'La letteratura si esprime con astrazioni mentre il pittore concretizza.' Gli scrittori di Cézanne: Zola, Balzac e Flaubert." In Cézanne: Il padre dei moderni. Milan: Mazzotta, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 83.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence, The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 198, fig. 5.10 as L'enlèvement.
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Time." 2001.
Kitschen, Friederike. "Der 'deutsche' Cézanne in der Kunstrezeption der Wilhelminischen Epoche." In Distanz und Aneignung. Relations artistiques entre la France et l'Allemagne. Kunstbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich 1870–1945, Edited by Alexandre Kostka and Françoise Lucbert. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2004, p. 323, ill.
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Motive: Versuch einer neuen Ordnung." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 201, ill.
Jensen, Robert. "Vollard and Cézanne: An Anatomy of a Relationship." In Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 30, fig. 30 as The Abduction.
Baumann, Felix A. "One of the Greatest of All Time!" In Cézanne & Giacometti: Paths of Doubt. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2008. Exhibition catalogue, p. 84, fig. 3 as The Abduction.
Simms, Matthew. Cézanne's watercolors: between drawing and painting. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, p. 38, fig. 29.
Lanchner, Carolyn. "Cézanne and Giacometti: An Odd Couple." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 384, fig. 14.1 as The Abduction.
Coutagne, Denis. "Le Femme exposée." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 86, fig. 35 as L'enlèvement.
Coutagne, Denis. Cézanne abstraction faite. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2011, p. 169, fig. 111.
Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 373, pl. 166.
Dombrowski, André. Cézanne, Murder, and Modern Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, p. 32, fig. 11.
Rubin, James. "Amitiés et théories: Courbet/Proudhon, Cézanne/Zola ou comment Cézanne connu Courbet." In Courbet/Cézanne, La vérité en peinture. Lyon: Fage éditions, 2013. Exhibition catalogue, p. 60, fig. 10.
Cezanne, Jas de Bouffan: art et histoire. Under the scientific direction of Denis Coutagne and François Chédeville. Lyon; Aix-en-Provence: Fage édition; Société Paul Cezanne, 2019, fig. 103 p. 118.
Notes
According to Rivière (1923, p. 198) and subsequent scholars, the work was executed in Emile Zola's home on the rue La Condamine. It seems, however, that the writer did not take up residence there until 1869. He did, however live on the rue Moncey in 1867, where the work could have been painted. Alternatively, L'Enlèvement may have been executed in Cézanne's rue Beautreillis studio, where he also painted Le Poêle de l'atelier (FWN 703) two years earlier.
Related
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Record last updated January 14, 2021. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Feilchenfeldt, Walter, Jayne Warman, and David Nash. "L'enlèvement, 1867 (FWN 590)." The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. https://www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=132 (accessed on January 15, 2021).
