The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne
An Online Catalogue Raisonné under the Direction of Société Paul Cezanne
(Formerly directed by Walter Feilchenfeldt, Jayne Warman and David Nash)
FWN 947
Baigneurs
c.1890
Alternate titles: Badende; Badende Männer; Bains d'Avignon; Bathers; Dix baigneurs; Grosse Akte; Le bain; Les Baigneurs; The Bathers
Rewald (665): c.1890; Venturi revised: 1885–88; Venturi (580): 1892–94
Oil on canvas
23 5/8 x 31 7/8 in. (60 x 81 cm)
Vollard A stockbook: no. 3717, baigneurs à l'huile se detachent sur un fond de nuages blancs, ciel bleu, 60 x 82 cm (250 frs)
Vollard archives: photo no. 112, Annotated by Cezanne's son: circa 1880–85
Provenance
Exhibition History
Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Salle Cézanne, October 15–November 15, 1904, no. 27, as Baigneurs, lent by Vollard.
Mathildenhöhe, Darmstadt, Germany, Sammlung G.F. Reber, mid-May–mid-June, 1913, no. 7, as Badende Männer.
Paul Cassirer, Berlin, XV. Jahrgang, 1912–1913, Dritte Ausstellung, Sammlung Reber, Beginning January - January 20, 1913, no. 25, as Grosse Akte.
Paul Cassirer, Berlin, Cézanne-Ausstellung: Cézannes Werke in deutschem Privatbesitz: Gemälde, Aquarelle, Zeichnungen, November–December 11, 1921, no. 36, as Badende, lent by Reber.
Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, L'Impressionnisme, June 15–September 29, 1935, no. 7, ill., as Bains d'Avignon, lent by Gourgaud.
Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, Cézanne, May 20–October 11, 1936, no. 80, pl. XVII, as Baigneurs, lent by le Baron Napoléon Gourgaud.
New Burlington Galleries, London, Exhibition of Masters of French 19th Century Painting, October 1–31, 1936, no. 92, as Baigneurs, lent by Gourgaud, Paris.
Paul Rosenberg, Paris, Exposition Cézanne (1839-1906), organisée à l'occasion de son centenaire au profit de l’œuvre de l'allaitement maternel, February 21–April 1, 1939, no. 27, ill., (dated 1894), as Baigneurs, 1894, lent by baron Napoléon Gourgaud.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 96, ill. lent by Gourgaud. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.
Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France, Cézanne: Peintures, Aquarelles, Dessins, July 4–August 4, 1953, no. 20, lent by Gourgaud. Traveled to: Musée Masséna, Nice, France, August 8–September 12, 1953; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Grenoble, France, September 15–October 18, 1953.
Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, Le nu à travers les âges, Opened May 14, 1954, no. 7, as Baigneurs.
Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome, Mostra di capolavori della pittura francese dell'ottocento, February–March 1955, no. 10, fig. 88, as Baigneurs, c. 1892-94. Traveled to: Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy, April–May 1955.
Orangerie, Paris, Vingt ans d'acquisitions au musée du Louvre 1947-1967, December 1967–March 1968, no. 405, ill., as Baigneurs.
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, March 30–May 19, 1974, no. 42. Traveled to: Municipal Museum, Kyoto, Japan, June 1–July 17, 1974; Cultural Center, Fukuoka, Japan, July 24–August 18, 1974.
Orangerie, Paris, Cézanne dans les musées nationaux, July 19–October 14, 1974, extended until October 28, no. 38, ill. in color, as Baigneurs.
Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne: Die Badenden, September 10–December 10, 1989, no. 58, pl. 136.
Musée d'Orsay, Paris, 1893, l'Europe des peintres, February 22–May 23, 1993, no. 93, ill., as Baigneurs.
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 140, ill. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Cézanne i blickpunkten, October 17, 1997–January 11, 1998, no. 36, ill., pp. 108–09 (dated c. 1890).
City Museum, Kobe, Japan, Rêve et réalité: collections du musée d'Orsay, June 19–August 29, 1999, no. 73, ill., as Baigneurs. Traveled to: National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, September 14–December 12, 1999.
Kunstforum, Vienna, Cézanne: Vollendet unvollendet, January 20–April 25, 2000, no. 64, ill., as Baigneurs, shown in Zürich only. Traveled to: Kunsthaus, Zürich, May 5–August 13, 2000 (initially planned to end on July 30 the exhibition was extended until August 13).
Grand Palais, Paris, Paris - Barcelone: de Gaudí à Miró, October 9, 2001–January 14, 2002, p. 315, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890-1892. Traveled to: Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Japan, February 28–May 26, 2002.
High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Paris in the Age of Impressionism: Masterworks from the Musée d'Orsay, November 23, 2002–March 16, 2003, listed p. 162, ill. p. 150, as Bathers, c. 1890-1892. Traveled to: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, April 6–June 29, 2003.
Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany, Cézanne: Aufbruch in die Moderne, September 18, 2004–January 16, 2005, listed p. 232, ill. p. 70, as Baigneurs.
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nancy, France, Roger Marx: un critique aux côtés de Gallé, Monet, Rodin, Gauguin ..., May 6–August 28, 2006, no. 195, ill., as Les Baigneurs, c. 1890-1892.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Cézanne and Beyond, February 26–May 17, 2009, pl. 40, p. 180, as Baigneurs.
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia, Masterpieces from Paris: Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne & beyond, Post-impressionism from the Musée d'Orsay, December 4, 2009–April 5, 2010, no. 36, ill., as Baigneurs.
National Art Center, Tokyo, Post-impressionnisme: 115 chefs-d’œuvre de la collection du Musée d’Orsay, May 26–August 16, 2010, no. 36, ill., as Baigneurs.
de Young Museum, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Beyond: Post-Impressionist Masterpieces from the Musée d'Orsay, September 2010–January 2011, no. 24, ill., as Baigneurs.
Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto, Rovereto, Italy, La rivoluzione dello sguardo: impressionismo e postimpressionismo dal Musée d'Orsay, March 19–July 24, 2011, no. 63, ill., as Baigneurs.
Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Masculin / Masculin: l'homme nu dans l'art de 1800 à nos jours, September 24, 2013–January 1, 2014, no. 150, ill., as Baigneurs.
Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, El Greco y la pintura moderna [English translation: El Greco & Modern Painting], June 24–October 5, 2014, no. 11, ill., as Bathers.
Musée Fabre, Montpelier, France, Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870): la jeunesse de l'impressionnisme, June 25–October 16, 2016, no. 88, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890, lent by Musée d'Orsay, Paris; shown in Montpellier and Paris only. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, November 15, 2016–March 5, 2017; National Gallery, Washington, D.C., April 9–July 9, 2017.
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, The Shape of Time, March 6–July 8, 2018, p. 90, ill., as Baigneurs.
Szépmüvészeti Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary, Cezanne to Malevich, Arcadia to Abstraction, October 28, 2021–February 13, 2022, no. 56, ill.
Published References
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. p. 150.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 182.
Waldmann, Emil. "Paul Cézanne: zur Ausstellung im Kunstsalon Paul Cassirer." Kunst und Künstler 20, no. 4 (1922), p. 147, as Badende.
Bernard, Emile. Souvenirs sur Paul Cézanne: une conversation avec Cézanne: la méthode de Cézanne. Paris: R.G. Michel, 1925, ill. opposite p. 85.
Bernard, Émile. Souvenirs sur Paul Cézanne, Une Conversation avec Cézanne. Paris: R.G. Michel, 1926, ill. opp. p. 78.
Besson, George (introduction). "Paul Cézanne: 1839–1906." Estampes. Paris: Braun & Cie, August 1936 (no. 4), fig. 14 p. 7.
Sterling, Charles. "Cézanne et les maîtres d'autrefois." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 19, nos. 5-6 (May–June 1936), p. 10, fig. 8 (detail, three figures to the left), as Baigneurs.
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 580, ill. vol. II, as Baigneurs.
Babelon, Jean. "Greco." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 17, periode 6 (May–June 1937), p. 312, fig. 14, as Les Baigneurs.
Zervos, Christian. Histoire de l'art contemporain. Paris: Éditions Cahiers d'art, 1938, p. 36, ill.
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 107, listed.
Léon-Martin, Louis. "Lettres et Arts: Cézanne." Paris-soir (Paris), February 26, 1939, ill. p. 4, as Le bain.
"[Aquisitions des musées du monde entier]." La Chronique des arts: supplément à la Gazette des beaux-arts, no. 1176 (February 1967), p. 21, no. 75, ill. p. 20, as Baigneurs, 1890-92.
Murphy, Richard W. The World of Cézanne, 1839–1906. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968, p. 113.
Adhémar, Hélène, and Anne Dayez. Musée du Jeu de Paume. Paris: Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1973, listed p. 141, ill. p. 23, as Baigneurs, c. 1890-92.
Dorival, Bernard. "Les omissions d'Archipenko et de Lipschitz." Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de l'art français (1974), fig. 36.
Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne's Late Bather Paintings." Arts Magazine 52, no. 2 (October 1977), p. 118, fig. 11.
Reff, Theodore. "Painting and Theory in the Final Decade." In Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, p. 41, ill. p. 40.
Monneret, Sophie. Cézanne, Zola . . . La fraternité du génie. Paris: Denoël, 1978, ill. p. 58, detail.
Monneret, Sophie. L'Impressionnisme et son époque: dictionnaire international illustré. Paris: Denoël, 1978, vol. 1, ill. p. 124.
Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Cézanne's Bathers: Form and Content." Arts Magazine 54, no. 9 (May 1980), pp. 118–19, fig. 15.
Müller, Joseph-Emile. Cézanne. Translated by Jane Brenton. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1982, pl. 46.
Von der Heydt Museum. Der westdeutsche Impuls 1900–1914, Kunst und Umweltgestaltung im Industriegebiet, Stadtenwicklung, Sammlungen, Austellungen. Günter Aust, ed.. Wuppertal: Von der Heydt Museum, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, p. 147, ill., as Badende Männer, ex-Reber collection.
Compin, Isabelle et Anne Roquebert. Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du musée du Louvre et du musée d'Orsay. 3, École Française, A-K. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1986, p. 115, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890-92.
Laclotte, Michel, Genviève Lacambre, Anne Distel, et al. La Peinture au Musée d'Orsay. Paris: Editions Scala, 1986, p. 90, ill.
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 128, ill. b/w.
Plazy, Gilles. Cézanne ou la peinture absolue. Paris: Editions Liana Levi, 1988, p. 106, ill. in color.
Boehm, Gottfried. "A Paradise Created by Painting: Observations on Cézanne's Bathers." In Paul Cézanne: The Bathers. Basel: Kunstmuseum Basel, 1989. Exhibition catalogue, p. 12, fig. 3 (detail).
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 143, ill.
Arrouye, Jean. "La montagne et la nue." In Sainte-Victoire Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990. Exhibition catalogue, p. 217, fig. 192.
Dossier de l'art. no. 25, Cézanne. Dijon: Editions Faton, September - October 1995, ill. cover (detail).
Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Du plongeon aux baigneuses." Dossier de l'art (Dijon), no. 25 (September - October 1995), ill. pp. 62-63, 1892-94.
Coutagne, Denis, et al. Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996, p. 178.
Garb, Tamar. "Visuality and Sexuality in Cézanne's Late Bathers." Oxford Art Journal 19, no. 2 (1996), p. 54, fig. 10.
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 665, ill. vol. 2, as Baigneurs.
Smith, Paul. Interpreting Cézanne. London: Tate Publishing, 1996, p. 27, fig. 18, as The Bathers.
Gervais, David. "A Picture by Cézanne: 'Le Grand Baigneur.'" The Cambridge Quarterly 26, no. 2 (1997), fig. 3.
Bach, Friedrich Teja. "The Stake in the Pictorial Flesh: Disruptions in Cézanne's Oeuvre." In Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, p. 71, fig. 14, as Baigneurs.
Kropmanns, Peter, and Uwe Fleckner. "Von kontinentaler Bedeutung: Gottlieb Friedrich Reber und seine Sammlungen." In Die Moderne und ihre Sammler: französische Kunst in deutschem Privatbesitz vom Kaiserreich zur Weimarer Republik, edited by Andrea Pophanken and Felix Billeter. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2001, listed p. 387.
Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, ill. pp. 168 (detail), 177, and 222, 258 (details), p. 292, no. 127, ill., as Dix baigneurs, 1892-94.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 226, fig. 5.31, as Baigneurs, dated 1890-94.
Locke, Nancy. "Cézanne's 'Bathers', Watteau, and the Idea of Fantasy." Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 77, no. 1/2 (2003), p. 20, fig. 2.
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézanne: Vollendet, Unvollendet." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel,
Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 281, ill.
D'Souza, Aruna. Cézanne's Bathers. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008, pl. 3, ill.
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 212; vol. 2, p. 147, as Baigneurs.
Rishel, Joseph J. "Cézanne and Hartley: On Sacred Ground." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 180, pl. 40, as Bathers.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection - New Edition. Stein, Susan Alyson and Asher Ethan Miller. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009, fig. 109, ill. p. 150.
Shiff, Richard. "Lucky Cézanne (Cézanne Tychique)." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 64, ill. p. 180, pl. 40, as Bathers.
Arrouye, Jean. "L'eau, miroir de la peinture." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 157, fig. 76, as Baigneurs.
Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 208, pl. 95.
Benedetti, Maria Teresa. "Gli artisti italiani e Cézanne." In Cézanne et gli artisti italiani del '900. Milan: Skira, 2013. Exhibition catalogue, p. 78, fig. 106.
Lloyd, Christopher. Paul Cézanne, Drawings and Watercolors. London and Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson and John Paul Getty Museum, 2015, p. 183, fig. 124.
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Jas de Bouffan." In Le "basho" dans l'art moderne français. Tokyo: Sangensha, 2016, p. 121, ill.
Perrin, Paul. "Scène d'été." In Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870): la jeunesse de l'impressionnisme. Paris: Flammarion, 2016. Exhibition catalogue, p. 143, fig. 87 p. 141 (cat. no. 88), as Baigneurs.
Echte, Bernhard and Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Sammlung Gottlieb Friedrich Reber, Barmen: Anfang Januar bis 20. Januar 1913." In Kunstsalon Cassirer: Die Ausstellungen 1912-1914 vol. 6, "Eine neue Klassik". Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2016, p. 153, ill.
Armstrong, Carol. Cézanne's Gravity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018, fig. 101.
Nagaï, Takanori. Truth in Panting: The Meaning of Cezanne's Practices for Modernizing Society. Tokyo: Sangesha Publishers Inc., 2022, pl. 44.
Related work
Record last updated September 27, 2022. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Baigneurs, c.1890 (FWN 947)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=645 (accessed on January 25, 2025).
