Catalogue entry

FWN 947

Baigneurs

c.1890

Alternate titles: Badende; Badende Männer; Bains d'Avignon; Bathers; Dix baigneurs; Grosse Akte; Le bain; Les Baigneurs; The Bathers

Rewald (665): c.1890; Venturi revised: 1885–88; Venturi (580): 1892–94

Oil on canvas

23 5/8 x 31 7/8 in. (60 x 81 cm)

Vollard A stockbook: no. 3717, baigneurs à l'huile se detachent sur un fond de nuages blancs, ciel bleu, 60 x 82 cm (250 frs)

Vollard archives: photo no. 112, Annotated by Cezanne's son: circa 1880–85

Musée d'Orsay, Paris (RF 1965 3)

Keywords

Figure compositions
Bathers and Nudes:
- male bathers / biagneurs »

Provenance

Ambroise Vollard, Paris

Gottlieb Friedrich Reber, Lausanne (Oct. 25, 1912)

Paul Rosenberg, Paris (1926)

Baronne Eva Gebhard-Gourgaud, Paris;

Musée du Louvre, Paris (1965, gift of Baroness Eva Gebhard-Gourgaud);

Musée du Louvre, galerie du Jeu de Paume, Paris (1965-1986);

Musée d'Orsay, Paris (1986)

Exhibition History

1904b Paris

Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Salle Cézanne, October 15–November 15, 1904, no. 27, as Baigneurs, lent by Vollard.

1913 Darmstadt

Mathildenhöhe, Darmstadt, Germany, Sammlung G.F. Reber, mid-May–mid-June, 1913, no. 7, as Badende Männer.

1913a Berlin

Paul Cassirer, Berlin, XV. Jahrgang, 1912–1913, Dritte Ausstellung, Sammlung Reber, Beginning January - January 20, 1913, no. 25, as Grosse Akte.

1921 Berlin

Paul Cassirer, Berlin, Cézanne-Ausstellung: Cézannes Werke in deutschem Privatbesitz: Gemälde, Aquarelle, Zeichnungen, November–December 11, 1921, no. 36, as Badende, lent by Reber.

1935 Brussels

Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, L'Impressionnisme, June 15–September 29, 1935, no. 7, ill., as Bains d'Avignon, lent by Gourgaud.

1936c Paris

Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, Cézanne, May 20–October 11, 1936, no. 80, pl. XVII, as Baigneurs, lent by le Baron Napoléon Gourgaud.

1936d London

New Burlington Galleries, London, Exhibition of Masters of French 19^th Century Painting, October 1–31, 1936, no. 92, as Baigneurs, lent by Gourgaud, Paris.

1939a Paris

Paul Rosenberg, Paris, Exposition Cézanne (1839-1906), organisée à l'occasion de son centenaire au profit de l’œuvre de l'allaitement maternel, February 21–April 1, 1939, no. 27, ill., (dated 1894), as Baigneurs, 1894, lent by baron Napoléon Gourgaud.

1952 Chicago and traveling

The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 96, ill. lent by Gourgaud. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.

1953 Aix-en-Provence and traveling

Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France, Cézanne: Peintures, Aquarelles, Dessins, July 4–August 4, 1953, no. 20, lent by Gourgaud. Traveled to: Musée Masséna, Nice, France, August 8–September 12, 1953; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Grenoble, France, September 15–October 18, 1953.

1954a Paris

Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, Le nu à travers les âges, Opened May 14, 1954, no. 7, as Baigneurs.

1955 Rome and traveling

Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome, Mostra di capolavori della pittura francese dell'ottocento, February–March 1955, no. 10, fig. 88, as Baigneurs, c. 1892-94. Traveled to: Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy, April–May 1955.

1967–1968a Paris

Orangerie, Paris, Vingt ans d'acquisitions au musée du Louvre 1947-1967, December 1967–March 1968, no. 405, ill., as Baigneurs.

1974 Tokyo and traveling

National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, March 30–May 19, 1974, no. 42. Traveled to: Municipal Museum, Kyoto, Japan, June 1–July 17, 1974; Cultural Center, Fukuoka, Japan, July 24–August 18, 1974.

1974b Paris

Orangerie, Paris, Cézanne dans les musées nationaux, July 19–October 14, 1974, extended until October 28, no. 38, ill. in color, as Baigneurs.

1989 Basel

Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne: Die Badenden, September 10–December 10, 1989, no. 58, pl. 136.

1993a Paris

Musée d'Orsay, Paris, 1893, l'Europe des peintres, February 22–May 23, 1993, no. 93, ill., as Baigneurs.

1995–96 Paris and traveling

Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 140, ill. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.

1997–98 Stockholm

Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Cézanne i blickpunkten, October 17, 1997–January 11, 1998, no. 36, ill., pp. 108–09 (dated c. 1890).

1999 Kobe and traveling

City Museum, Kobe, Japan, Rêve et réalité: collections du musée d'Orsay, June 19–August 29, 1999, no. 73, ill., as Baigneurs. Traveled to: National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, September 14–December 12, 1999.

2000 Vienna and traveling

Kunstforum, Vienna, Cézanne: Vollendet unvollendet, January 20–April 25, 2000, no. 64, ill., as Baigneurs, shown in Zürich only. Traveled to: Kunsthaus, Zürich, May 5–August 13, 2000 (initially planned to end on July 30 the exhibition was extended until August 13).

2001–02 Paris and traveling

Grand Palais, Paris, Paris - Barcelone: de Gaudí à Miró, October 9, 2001–January 14, 2002, p. 315, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890-1892. Traveled to: Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Japan, February 28–May 26, 2002.

2002–03 Atlanta and traveling

High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Paris in the Age of Impressionism: Masterworks from the Musée d'Orsay, November 23, 2002–March 16, 2003, listed p. 162, ill. p. 150, as Bathers, c. 1890-1892. Traveled to: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, April 6–June 29, 2003.

2004–05 Essen

Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany, Cézanne: Aufbruch in die Moderne, September 18, 2004–January 16, 2005, listed p. 232, ill. p. 70, as Baigneurs.

2006 Nancy

Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nancy, France, Roger Marx: un critique aux côtés de Gallé, Monet, Rodin, Gauguin ..., May 6–August 28, 2006, no. 195, ill., as Les Baigneurs, c. 1890-1892.

2009 Philadelphia

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Cézanne and Beyond, February 26–May 17, 2009, pl. 40, p. 180, as Baigneurs.

2009–10 Canberra

National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia, Masterpieces from Paris: Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne & beyond, Post-impressionism from the Musée d'Orsay, December 4, 2009–April 5, 2010, no. 36, ill., as Baigneurs.

2010b Tokyo

National Art Center, Tokyo, Post-impressionnisme: 115 chefs-d’œuvre de la collection du Musée d’Orsay, May 26–August 16, 2010, no. 36, ill., as Baigneurs.

2010–11 San Francisco

de Young Museum, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Beyond: Post-Impressionist Masterpieces from the Musée d'Orsay, September 2010–January 2011, no. 24, ill., as Baigneurs.

2011 Rovereto

Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto, Rovereto, Italy, La rivoluzione dello sguardo: impressionismo e postimpressionismo dal Musée d'Orsay, March 19–July 24, 2011, no. 63, ill., as Baigneurs.

2013–14 Paris

Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Masculin / Masculin: l'homme nu dans l'art de 1800 à nos jours, September 24, 2013–January 1, 2014, no. 150, ill., as Baigneurs.

2014b Madrid

Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, El Greco y la pintura moderna [English translation: El Greco & Modern Painting], June 24–October 5, 2014, no. 11, ill., as Bathers.

2016–17 Montpellier and traveling

Musée Fabre, Montpelier, France, Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870): la jeunesse de l'impressionnisme, June 25–October 16, 2016, no. 88, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890, lent by Musée d'Orsay, Paris; shown in Montpellier and Paris only. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Paris, November 15, 2016–March 5, 2017; National Gallery, Washington, D.C., April 9–July 9, 2017.

2018 Vienna

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, The Shape of Time, March 6–July 8, 2018, p. 90, ill., as Baigneurs.

2021–22 Budapest

Szépmüvészeti Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary, Cezanne to Malevich, Arcadia to Abstraction, October 28, 2021–February 13, 2022, no. 56, ill.

Published References

Waldmann 1913a

Waldmann, Emil. "Die Sammlung Reber." Kunst und Künstler 11, no. 9 (1913), p. 450.

Vollard 1914

Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Vollard, 1914, pl. 44.

Meier-Graefe 1918a

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. p. 150.

Meier-Graefe 1922

Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 182.

Waldmann 1922

Waldmann, Emil. "Paul Cézanne: zur Ausstellung im Kunstsalon Paul Cassirer." Kunst und Künstler 20, no. 4 (1922), p. 147, as Badende.

Bernard 1925

Bernard, Emile. Souvenirs sur Paul Cézanne: une conversation avec Cézanne: la méthode de Cézanne. Paris: R.G. Michel, 1925, ill. opposite p. 85.

Bernard 1926a

Bernard, Émile. Souvenirs sur Paul Cézanne, Une Conversation avec Cézanne. Paris: R.G. Michel, 1926, ill. opp. p. 78.

Besson 1936

Besson, George (introduction). "Paul Cézanne: 1839–1906." Estampes. Paris: Braun & Cie, August 1936 (no. 4), fig. 14 p. 7.

Sterling 1936

Sterling, Charles. "Cézanne et les maîtres d'autrefois." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 19, nos. 5-6 (May–June 1936), p. 10, fig. 8 (detail, three figures to the left), as Baigneurs.

Venturi 1936b

Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 580, ill. vol. II, as Baigneurs.

Babelon 1937

Babelon, Jean. "Greco." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 17, periode 6 (May–June 1937), p. 312, fig. 14, as Les Baigneurs.

Zervos 1938

Zervos, Christian. Histoire de l'art contemporain. Paris: Éditions Cahiers d'art, 1938, p. 36, ill.

Barnes and de Mazia 1939

Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 107, listed.

Léon-Martin 1939

Léon-Martin, Louis. "Lettres et Arts: Cézanne." Paris-soir (Paris), February 26, 1939, ill. p. 4, as Le bain.

Raynal 1939

Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne. London: A. Zwemmer, 1939, ill.

Schildt 1946

Schildt, Göran. Cézanne. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand, 1946, pl. IV.

Ragghianti 1947

Ragghianti, Carlo Ludovico. L'Impressionismo. Turin: Chiantore, 1947, pl. LI.

Dorival 1948

Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 132, listed p. 168.

Raynal 1954

Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne. Geneva: Skira, 1954, p. 97, ill.

Beucken 1955

Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], p. 231.

Uchida 1960

Uchida, Sono. Cézanne. Tokyo: Misuzu-Shobo, 1960, p. 49, ill.

Gazette des beaux-arts 1967

"[Aquisitions des musées du monde entier]." La Chronique des arts: supplément à la Gazette des beaux-arts, no. 1176 (February 1967), p. 21, no. 75, ill. p. 20, as Baigneurs, 1890-92.

Murphy 1968

Murphy, Richard W. The World of Cézanne, 1839–1906. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968, p. 113.

Ikegami 1969

Ikegami, Chuji. Cézanne. Tokyo: Shueisha, 1969, pl. 64.

Adhémar et al. 1973

Adhémar, Hélène, and Anne Dayez. Musée du Jeu de Paume. Paris: Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1973, listed p. 141, ill. p. 23, as Baigneurs, c. 1890-92.

Dorival 1974

Dorival, Bernard. "Les omissions d'Archipenko et de Lipschitz." Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de l'art français (1974), fig. 36.

Reff 1977b

Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne's Late Bather Paintings." Arts Magazine 52, no. 2 (October 1977), p. 118, fig. 11.

Reff 1977c

Reff, Theodore. "Painting and Theory in the Final Decade." In Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, p. 41, ill. p. 40.

Venturi 1978

Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne. Geneva: Skira, 1978, p. 24, ill.

Monneret 1978a

Monneret, Sophie. Cézanne, Zola . . . La fraternité du génie. Paris: Denoël, 1978, ill. p. 58, detail.

Monneret 1978b

Monneret, Sophie. L'Impressionnisme et son époque: dictionnaire international illustré. Paris: Denoël, 1978, vol. 1, ill. p. 124.

Krumrine 1980

Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Cézanne's Bathers: Form and Content." Arts Magazine 54, no. 9 (May 1980), pp. 118–19, fig. 15.

Ponente 1980

Ponente, Nello. Paul Cézanne. Bologna: Capitol, 1980, pl. 13.

Plazy 1981

Plazy, Gilles. Cézanne. Fribourg: Editions Medea, 1981, p. 59.

Müller 1982

Müller, Joseph-Emile. Cézanne. Translated by Jane Brenton. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1982, pl. 46.

Von der Heydt Museum 1984

Von der Heydt Museum. Der westdeutsche Impuls 1900–1914, Kunst und Umweltgestaltung im Industriegebiet, Stadtenwicklung, Sammlungen, Austellungen. Günter Aust, ed.. Wuppertal: Von der Heydt Museum, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, p. 147, ill., as Badende Männer, ex-Reber collection.

Compin et al. 1986

Compin, Isabelle et Anne Roquebert. Catalogue sommaire illustré des peintures du musée du Louvre et du musée d'Orsay. 3, École Française, A-K. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1986, p. 115, ill., as Baigneurs, c. 1890-92.

Laclotte, Lacambre, Distel et al. 1986

Laclotte, Michel, Genviève Lacambre, Anne Distel, et al. La Peinture au Musée d'Orsay. Paris: Editions Scala, 1986, p. 90, ill.

Pickvance and Takumi 1986

Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 128, ill. b/w.

Plazy 1988

Plazy, Gilles. Cézanne ou la peinture absolue. Paris: Editions Liana Levi, 1988, p. 106, ill. in color.

Boehm 1989

Boehm, Gottfried. "A Paradise Created by Painting: Observations on Cézanne's Bathers." In Paul Cézanne: The Bathers. Basel: Kunstmuseum Basel, 1989. Exhibition catalogue, p. 12, fig. 3 (detail).

Düchting 1989

Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 143, ill.

Arrouye 1990b

Arrouye, Jean. "La montagne et la nue." In Sainte-Victoire Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1990. Exhibition catalogue, p. 217, fig. 192.

Verdi 1992

Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 137, fig. 116.

Dossier de l'art 1995

Dossier de l'art. no. 25, Cézanne. Dijon: Editions Faton, September - October 1995, ill. cover (detail).

Krumrine 1995

Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Du plongeon aux baigneuses." Dossier de l'art (Dijon), no. 25 (September - October 1995), ill. pp. 62-63, 1892-94.

Sollers 1995

Sollers, Philippe. Le Paradis de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, 1995, p. 77, ill.

Cahn 1995b

Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 128, ill.

Coutagne et al. 1996

Coutagne, Denis, et al. Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996, p. 178.

Garb 1996

Garb, Tamar. "Visuality and Sexuality in Cézanne's Late Bathers." Oxford Art Journal 19, no. 2 (1996), p. 54, fig. 10.

Rewald 1996

Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 665, ill. vol. 2, as Baigneurs.

Smith 1996

Smith, Paul. Interpreting Cézanne. London: Tate Publishing, 1996, p. 27, fig. 18, as The Bathers.

Gervais 1997

Gervais, David. "A Picture by Cézanne: 'Le Grand Baigneur.'" The Cambridge Quarterly 26, no. 2 (1997), fig. 3.

Bach 2000

Bach, Friedrich Teja. "The Stake in the Pictorial Flesh: Disruptions in Cézanne's Oeuvre." In Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, p. 71, fig. 14, as Baigneurs.

Lewis 2000

Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, pp. 310-11, fig. 196.

Kropmanns and Fleckner 2001

Kropmanns, Peter, and Uwe Fleckner. "Von kontinentaler Bedeutung: Gottlieb Friedrich Reber und seine Sammlungen." In Die Moderne und ihre Sammler: französische Kunst in deutschem Privatbesitz vom Kaiserreich zur Weimarer Republik, edited by Andrea Pophanken and Felix Billeter. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2001, listed p. 387.

Ballas 2002

Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, ill. pp. 168 (detail), 177, and 222, 258 (details), p. 292, no. 127, ill., as Dix baigneurs, 1892-94.

Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2003

Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 226, fig. 5.31, as Baigneurs, dated 1890-94.

Locke 2003

Locke, Nancy. "Cézanne's 'Bathers', Watteau, and the Idea of Fantasy." Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 77, no. 1/2 (2003), p. 20, fig. 2.

Feilchenfeldt 2005h

Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézanne: Vollendet, Unvollendet." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 281, ill.

D'Souza 2008

D'Souza, Aruna. Cézanne's Bathers. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008, pl. 3, ill.

Machotka 2008

Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 212; vol. 2, p. 147, as Baigneurs.

Rishel 2009

Rishel, Joseph J. "Cézanne and Hartley: On Sacred Ground." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 180, pl. 40, as Bathers.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2009

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection - New Edition. Stein, Susan Alyson and Asher Ethan Miller. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009, fig. 109, ill. p. 150.

Shiff 2009a

Shiff, Richard. "Lucky Cézanne (Cézanne Tychique)." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 64, ill. p. 180, pl. 40, as Bathers.

Arrouye 2011

Arrouye, Jean. "L'eau, miroir de la peinture." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 157, fig. 76, as Baigneurs.

Colrat 2013

Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 208, pl. 95.

Benedetti 2013b

Benedetti, Maria Teresa. "Gli artisti italiani e Cézanne." In Cézanne et gli artisti italiani del '900. Milan: Skira, 2013. Exhibition catalogue, p. 78, fig. 106.

Lloyd 2015

Lloyd, Christopher. Paul Cézanne, Drawings and Watercolors. London and Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson and John Paul Getty Museum, 2015, p. 183, fig. 124.

Nagaï 2016

Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Jas de Bouffan." In Le "basho" dans l'art moderne français. Tokyo: Sangensha, 2016, p. 121, ill.

Perrin 2016

Perrin, Paul. "Scène d'été." In Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870): la jeunesse de l'impressionnisme. Paris: Flammarion, 2016. Exhibition catalogue, p. 143, fig. 87 p. 141 (cat. no. 88), as Baigneurs.

Echte and Feilchenfeldt 2016e

Echte, Bernhard and Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Sammlung Gottlieb Friedrich Reber, Barmen: Anfang Januar bis 20. Januar 1913." In Kunstsalon Cassirer: Die Ausstellungen 1912-1914 vol. 6, "Eine neue Klassik". Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2016, p. 153, ill.

Armstrong 2018

Armstrong, Carol. Cézanne's Gravity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018, fig. 101.

Nagaï 2022a

Nagaï, Takanori. Truth in Panting: The Meaning of Cezanne's Practices for Modernizing Society. Tokyo: Sangesha Publishers Inc., 2022, pl. 44.

Related work

Record last updated September 27, 2022. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.

Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Baigneurs, c.1890 (FWN 947)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=645 (accessed on April 24, 2024).