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Catalogue entry

FWN 979

Grandes baigneuses

1895–1905

Alternate titles: Baigneuses; Bathers; Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses); Les Baigneuses; Les Grandes Baigneuses; Nude Figures in Landscape; Nus; The Bathers; The Large Bathers

Rewald (855): 1894–1905; Venturi revised: 1900–03; Venturi (721): 1900–05; Rivière: 1899; Cooper: 1903–04; Gowing: 1904–05

Oil on canvas

50 1/16 x 77 3/16 in. (127.2 x 196.1 cm) (composition)

53 13/16 x 77 3/16 in. (136.7 x 196.1 cm) (includes added strip of canvas))

Vollard B stockbook: no. 4451 or 4453, grandes baigneuses

National Gallery, London (Purchased with a special grant and the aid of the Max Rayne Foundation) (NG 6359)

Keywords

Figure compositions:
- still-life in figure composition »
Figure compositions
Bathers and Nudes:
- female bathers / baigneuses »
Animals:
- dog / chien »
Technique and Condition:
- added strip(s) of canvas »

Catalogue Entry
Additional Materials
Sketchbook

Provenance

Estate of Paul Cezanne;

Ambroise Vollard, Paris, and Bernheim-Jeune, Paris (Feb. 12, 1907)

Auguste Pellerin, Paris (Apr. 6, 1907);

M. et Mme René Lecomte, Paris;

César M. De Hauke, Paris;

National Gallery, London (1964)

Exhibition History

1907a Paris

Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Rétrospective d'oeuvres de Cézanne, October 1–22, 1907, no. 17, as Nus, lent by Pellerin.

1954 Paris

Orangerie, Paris, Hommage à Cézanne, July 2–October 17, 1954, no. 63, pl. XXVIII, lent by private collection, Paris.

1960–61 Paris

Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris, Les Sources du XX^e siècle: les arts en Europe de 1884 à 1914, November 4, 1960–January 23, 1961, no. 87, ill., as Les Grandes Baigneuses, 1900-1905, lent by Private collection, Paris.

1978a Paris

Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne: Les dernières années (1895–1906), April 20–July 23, 1978, no. 96, ill.

1989 Basel

Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne: Die Badenden, September 10–December 10, 1989, no. 70, discussed pp. 208–14, pls. 13 (detail) and 178.

1995–96 Paris and traveling

Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 218, ill. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.

2006 Washington, D.C. and traveling

National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Cézanne in Provence, January 29–May 7, 2006, no. 125, ill. Traveled to: Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France, June 9–September 17, 2006.

2006–07 London

National Gallery, London, Cézanne in Britain, October 4, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 43, ill., as Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses) (size: 127.2 x 196.1 cm).

2009 Philadelphia

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Cézanne and Beyond, February 26–May 17, 2009, pl. 203, p. 508 (size: 1271 x 1961 cm), as Grandes baigneuses.

2022–23 Chicago and traveling

The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cezanne, May 15–September 5, 2022, no. 108, ill. c. 1894–1905. Traveled to: Tate Modern, London, October 6, 2022–March 12, 2023.

2023 London

National Gallery, London, After Impressionism: Inventing Modern Art, March 25–August 13, 2023, no. 4, ill., as Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses).

Published References

Rivière and Schnerb 1907

Rivière, R.P., and Jacques Schnerb. "L'Atelier de Cézanne." La Grande Revue 25 (December 25, 1907), pp. 811–17.

Osthaus 1920

Osthaus, Karl Ernst. "Cézanne." Das Feuer 1 (December 1920), pp. 81–88.

Fry 1926

Fry, Roger. "Le développement de Cézanne." L'Amour de l'art 7, no. 12 (December 1926), ill. p. 414, as Baigneuses.

Fry 1927a

Fry, Roger. Cézanne: A Study of His Development. New York: Macmillan, 1927, p. 81, fig. 46, pl. XXXV.

Ozenfant 1931

Ozenfant, Amedée. Foundations of Modern Art. Translated by John Rodker. New York: Brewer, Warren and Putnam, 1931, p. 63, ill.

Mack 1936

Mack, Gerstle. Paul Cézanne, 2nd ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1936, fig. 33.

Venturi 1936b

Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 721, ill. vol. II, as Grandes baigneuses.

Barnes and de Mazia 1939

Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 180, listed.

Fry 1952

Fry, Roger. Cézanne: A Study of his Developement. London: Hogarth Press, 1952, p. 81, pl. XXXV fig. 46, as Nude Figures in Landscape.

Denis 1957b

Denis, Maurice. Journal, vol. 2 (1905–20). Paris: La Colombe, 1957, vol. 2, p. 29.

Berthold 1958

Berthold, Gertrude. Cézanne und die alten Meister. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1958, pp. 42-43, fig. 60.

Ikegami 1960

Ikegami, Chuji. Cézanne. Tokyo: Shueisha, 1960, pl. 67, left half.

Novotny 1961

Novotny, Fritz. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 1961, pl. 42.

Waldfogel 1962

Waldfogel, Melvin. "A Problem in Cézanne's 'Grandes Baigneuses.'" The Burlington Magazine 104, no. 710 (May 1962), p. 203, fig. 36.

Gazette des beaux-arts 1966

"[Aquisitions des musées du monde entier]." La Chronique des arts: supplément à la Gazette des beaux-arts, no. 1165 (February 1966), p. 81, no. 309, ill., as Les Grandes Baigneuses.

Davies 1970

Davies, Martin. National Gallery Catalogues. French School: Early 19th Century, Impressionists, Post-Impressionists etc. Revised by Cecil Gould. London: National Gallery, 1970, pp. 22–24, no. 6359, as Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses).

Moore 1973

Moore, Henry. "Discours de Henry Moore lu à l’occasion de son installation comme associé étranger." Discours prononcés dans la séance publique tenue par l'Académie des beaux-arts (Paris: Institut de France), no. 24 (November 7, 1973), p. 15, as Les Baigneuses.

Geist 1975

Geist, Sidney. "The Secret Life of Paul Cézanne." Art International 19, no. 9 (November 20, 1975), p. 10, ill.

Wadley 1975

Wadley, Nicholas. Cézanne and His Art. London: Hamlyn, 1975, pl. 60.

Reff 1977b

Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne's Late Bather Paintings." Arts Magazine 52, no. 2 (October 1977), p. 116, fig. 2.

Reff 1977c

Reff, Theodore. "Painting and Theory in the Final Decade." In Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, pp. 38–44, as Large Bathers; p. 370, pl. 188, as Bathers.

Krumrine 1980

Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Cézanne's Bathers: Form and Content." Arts Magazine 54, no. 9 (May 1980), pp. 115, 118, fig. 1.

Harris 1982

Harris, Nathaniel. The Art of Cézanne. London: Optimum Books, 1982, p. 11, ill. in color.

Müller 1982

Müller, Joseph-Emile. Cézanne. Translated by Jane Brenton. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1982, pl. 47.

Rishel 1983

Rishel, Joseph J. Cézanne in Philadelphia Collections. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1983. Exhibition catalogue, p. 48, fig. 22b.

Baxandall 1985

Baxandall, Michael. Patterns of Intention, On the Historical Explanation of Pictures. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985, fig. 26.

Rewald 1986b

Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986, p. 223, ill.

Thomas 1987

Thomas, Denis. The Age of the Impressionists. Middlesex, U.K.: Holiday House, 1987, p. 160, ill.

Kendall 1988

Kendall, Richard, ed. Cézanne: By Himself. London: Macdonald, 1988, p. 269, ill.

Plazy 1988

Plazy, Gilles. Cézanne ou la peinture absolue. Paris: Editions Liana Levi, 1988, p. 150, ill. in color.

Teboul 1988

Teboul, Jacques. Les Victoires de Cézanne. Paris: Adam Biro, 1988, no. 43, ill.

Boehm 1989

Boehm, Gottfried. "A Paradise Created by Painting: Observations on Cézanne's Bathers." In Paul Cézanne: The Bathers. Basel: Kunstmuseum Basel, 1989. Exhibition catalogue, pp. 28–30, fig. 13 (detail).

Düchting 1989

Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 145, 146-47, ill.

Wadley 1989

Wadley, Nicholas. Cézanne and His Art. London: Hamlyn, 1989, p. 69, ill. in color.

Kendall 1989a

Kendall, Richard. The History and Techniques of the Great Master Cézanne. London: Tiger Books International, 1989, p. 13, ill.

Krumrine 1989a

Krumrine, Mary Louise. "'Les Baigneuses' de Cézanne du Musée Granet." Impressions du Musée Granet, no. 3 (September 1989), fig. 2.

Naubert-Riser 1992

Naubert-Riser, Constance. Cézanne. London: Studio Editions, 1994, p. 131.

Verdi 1992

Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 188, fig. 168.

Wattenmaker et al 1993

Wattenmaker, Richard et al. Great French Paintings from The Barnes Foundation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. Exhibition catalogue, p. 160, fig. 1.

Baker and Henry 1995

Baker, Christopher, and Tom Henry. The National Gallery: Complete Illustrated Catalogue. London: National Gallery Publications, 1995, p. 109, ill., as Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses), c. 1900-06.

Clark 1995

Clark, T.J. "Freud's Cézanne." Representations, no. 52 (Autumn 1995), fig. 4.

Schmitt 1995

Schmitt, Evmarie. Cézanne in der Provence. München and New York: Prestel, 1995, p. 53.

Sollers 1995

Sollers, Philippe. Le Paradis de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, 1995, p. 64-5, ill.

Cahn 1995b

Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 127, ill.

Rewald 1996

Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 855, ill. vol. 2 and p. 36, ill. col. vol. 1, as Les Grandes Baigneuses.

Gervais 1997

Gervais, David. "A Picture by Cézanne: 'Le Grand Baigneur.'" The Cambridge Quarterly 26, no. 2 (1997), fig. 6.

Lewis 2000

Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 315, fig. 199.

Ballas 2002

Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, ill. pp. 88 and 260 (detail), p. 278, no. 24, ill., as Grandes baigneuses, 1898-1905.

Boehm 2002

Boehm, Gottfried. "Paul Cézanne - La Passione per il visibile." In Cézanne: Il padre dei moderni. Milan: Mazzotta, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 55.

Rishel 2002

Rishel, Joseph J. "The Grand Window and Slot in the Studio Wall." In Atelier Cézanne, 1902–2002: Le centenaire. Aix-en-Provence: Société Paul Cézanne, 2002, fig. 2, ill. in color.

Baumann 2004

Baumann, Felix A., ed. Cézanne—Aufbruch in die Moderne. Essen: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2004. Exhibition catalogue, p. 69, ill., as Grandes baigneuses.

Feilchenfeldt 2005c

Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Motive: Versuch einer neuen Ordnung." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 215, ill.

Kear 2006

Kear, Jon. "'Frenhofer: c'est moi': Cézanne's Nudes and Balzac's 'Le Chef-d-oeuvre inconnu.'" The Cambridge Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2006), p. 348, fig. 1.

Kropmanns 2006

Kropmanns, Peter. Cézanne: Eine Biographie. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2006, ill. between pp. 116 and 117.

Riley 2006

Riley, Bridget. "Cézanne in Provence." The Burlington Magazine 148, no. 1242 (September 2006), p. 629, fig. 57, as The Large Bathers.

Verdi 2007

Verdi, Richard. "Cézanne in Britain, London." The Burlington Magazine 149, no. 1246 (January 2007), p. 53 and 54 mentioned, as Bathers.

D'Souza 2008

D'Souza, Aruna. Cézanne's Bathers. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008, pl. 10, ill.

Machotka 2008

Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 306; vol. 2, p. 209, as Les Grandes Baigneuses.

Reissner 2008

Reissner, Elisabeth. "Ways of Making: Practice and Innovation in Cézanne's Paintings in the National Gallery." National Gallery Technical Bulletin vol. 29 (2008), p. 5, pl. 5.

Simms 2008

Simms, Matthew. Cézanne's watercolors: between drawing and painting. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, p. 171, fig. 120.

Shiff 2009a

Shiff, Richard. "Lucky Cézanne (Cézanne Tychique)." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 64, ill., p. 508, pl. 203, as The Large Bathers.

Sachs 2009b

Sachs, Katherine. "Cézanne and Marden: The Almost Perfect Painting." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 508, pl. 203, as The Large Bathers.

Coutagne 2011d

Coutagne, Denis. Cézanne abstraction faite. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 2011, p. 191, fig. 131.

Geskó 2012a

Geskó, Judit. "'Builderly' Painting: The Making of an Exhibition." In Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 20, fig. 15 (detail), as The Bathers.

Shiff 2012b

Shiff, Richard. "Sensation, Cézanne." In Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 44, fig. 15, as The Bathers.

Rishel 2012c

Rishel, Joseph J. "Cézanne, Virgil, Poussin." In Gauguin, Cézanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 175, fig. 170, as The Large Bathers.

Colrat 2013

Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 287, pl. 131.

France-Lanord 2018

France-Lanord, Hadrien. La couleur et la parole: les chemins de Paul Cézanne et de Martin Heidegger. Paris: Gallimard, 2018, ill. p. 199 (2 details), as Les Grandes Baigneuses.

Dauberville 2020

Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Floriane Dauberville. Paul Cezanne chez Bernheim-Jeune. Paris: Editions G-P.F. Dauberville & Archives Bernheim-Jeune, 2020, no. 240, ill., as Nus.

Dombrowski, Ireson and Patry 2021

Dombrowski, André, Nancy Ireson, and Sylvie Patry, eds. Cézanne in the Barnes Foundation. New York: Rizzoli Electa in association with The Barnes Foundation, 2021, p. 304, fig. 4, as Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses), dated c. 1894–1905.

Smith 2023

Smith, Paul. "Looking slowly with Cezanne." The Burlington Magazine 165 (April 2023), figs. 19 and 20 (detail), c. 1894–1905.

National Gallery 2025

National Gallery (London). "Uncovering Cezanne's Secrets. Why did Cezanne change his mind.", technical evaluation of changes to the canvas.

Record last updated March 10, 2025. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.

Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Grandes baigneuses, 1895–1905 (FWN 979)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=830 (accessed on May 2, 2025).