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Catalogue entry

© The Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania, USA/ The Bridgeman Art Library
FWN 693
Jeune homme à la tête de mort
1896–98
Alternate titles: Bildnis eines jungen Mannes vor einem Totenkopf; Boy with a Skull; Boy with Skull; Der Junge mit dem Totenkopf; Der junge Philosoph; Jeune homme au crâne; Jeune homme et la Mort; Jongen met doodskop; Junge mit Totenkopf; Junger Mann mit Totenkopf; Jüngling mit Totenkopf; L'Apprenti philosophe; Le jeune homme à la tête de mort; Le jeune philosophe; Le philosophe; The Young Philosopher; Young Man and Skull; Young man with a skull
Rewald (825): 1896–98; Venturi revised: 1897–1900; Venturi (679): 1894–96; Rivière: 1895
Oil on canvas
51 3/16 x 38 3/8 in. (130 x 97.5 cm)
Vollard A stockbook: no. 4187, jeune homme à la tête de mort
Vollard X stockbook: no. 5331, L'apprenti philosophe
Vollard archives: photo no. 413, Annotated by Cezanne's son: 1897

Keywords

Provenance
Galerie Laffitte, Paris (Lucien Moline), Paris
Ambroise Vollard, Paris, and Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris (June 29, 1904)
Prince de Wagram (Alexandre Berthier), Paris (Nov. 6, 1906)
Ambroise Vollard, Paris (Dec. 1, 1909?)
Gottlieb Friedrich Reber, Lausanne (Oct. 28, 1912)
[Galerie E. Bignou, Paris and New York]
Barnes Foundation, Merion and Philadelphia (Feb. 20, 1933)
Exhibition History
1910d Paris
Galerie Vollard, Paris, Figures de Cézanne, June 27–July 23, 1910, no. 7, as L'Apprenti philosophe.
1913 Darmstadt
Mathildenhöhe, Darmstadt, Germany, Sammlung G.F. Reber, mid-May–mid-June, 1913, no. 6, as Der junge Philosoph.
1913a Berlin
Paul Cassirer, Berlin, XV. Jahrgang, 1912–1913, Dritte Ausstellung, Sammlung Reber, Beginning January - January 20, 1913, no. 27, as Der junge Philosoph.
1925c Paris
Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris, Cinquante ans de peinture française, 1875-1925, May 28–July 12, 1925, no. 15, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort, 1890, lent by Reber.
1927c Berlin
Galerie Thannhauser, Vereinshaus der Berliner Künstler, Berlin, Erste Sonderausstellung in Berlin, January 9–mid-February, 1927, no. 27, ill., as Junge mit Totenkopf, lent by Reber.
1929 New York
The Museum of Modern Art, New York, The museum's first loan exhibition: Cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat, van Gogh, November 8–December 7, 1929, no. 7, ill., (dated after 1890), as Boy with a Skull, lent by Reber.
1930 Amsterdam
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Vincent van Gogh en zijn tijdgenooten, September 6–November 2, 1930, no. 123, as Jongen met doodskop, lent by Reber, Lausanne.
1932 London
Royal Academy of Arts, London, French Art, January 4–March 12, 1932, no. 549, as Le jeune philosophe, lent by Dr. Reber, Lausanne; Commemorative Catalogue: no. 280, pl. 140.
1993–95 Washington, D.C. and traveling
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, May 2–August 15, 1993, no number, pp. 150–53, ill. pp. 151, 152 (detail). Traveled to: Musèe d'Orsay, Paris, November 6, 1993–January 2, 1994; National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, January 21–April 3, 1994; Kimbell Art Museum, Forth Worth, Texas, April 24–August 16, 1994; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, September 17–December 31, 1994; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, January 29–April 1995; Haus der Kunst, Munich, June 23–October 22, 1995.
Published References
Kirstein 1913
K.[irstein], [Gustav]. "Ausstellungen." Kunstchronik: Wochenschrift für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe Neue Folge XXIV, no. 16 (January 17, 1913), col. 230.
New York Times 1913
"A Private Collection in Germany That Contains Fourteen Examples of the Art of Paul Cezanne, a Great Modern, Who Already Is Placed with the Old Masters, in Darmstadt." New York Times, July 6, 1913, p. 15, as The Young Philosopher.
Waldmann 1913a
Waldmann, Emil. "Die Sammlung Reber." Kunst und Künstler 11, no. 9 (1913), p. 449-450, ill. p. 445.
Meier-Graefe 1918a
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 127 Tonätzungen und fünfzehn Heliogravüren. Munich: R. Piper, 1918, ill. opposite p. 184.
Meier-Graefe 1919
Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Die doppelte Kurve." In Ganymed: Blätter der Marées-Gesellschaft 1. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1919, ill. between pp. 32-33, as Junge mit Totenkopf.
Popp 1919
Popp, Anny E. "Cézanne, Elemente seines Stiles, anlässlich einer Kritik erortert." Die bildenden Künste: Wiener Monatshefte (Vienna) II (1919), ill. p. 187, as Der Junge mit dem Totenkopf, Reber collection, Munich.
Bernard 1920b
Bernard, Émile. "La technique de Paul Cézanne." L'Amour de l'art 1, no. 8 (December 1920), ill. p. 278, as Le philosophe.
Gasquet 1921b
Gasquet, Joachim. Cézanne. Paris: Les Editions Bernheim-Jeune, 1921, p. 19, pl. p. 20, as Jeune homme et la Mort.
Meier-Graefe 1922
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 225.
Meier-Graefe 1922a
Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Zur Berliner Cézanne-Ausstellung 1921." In Ganymed: Jahrbuch für Kunst 4. Munich: R. Piper & Co., Verlag der Marées-Gesellschaft, 1922, ill. between pp. 272-273, as Bildnis eines jungen Mannes vor einem Totenkopf.
Klingsor 1923
Klingsor, Tristan L. Cézanne. Paris: Rieder, 1923, pl. 22, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Meier-Graefe 1923
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Paul Cézanne. Munich: R. Piper, 1923, ill. p. 75.
Rivière 1923
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, p. 220, listed.
Arishima 1925
Arishima, Ikuma. Sezannu [Cézanne]. Tokyo: Ars, 1925, pl. 23.
Gasquet 1926
Gasquet, Joachim. Cézanne. Paris: Les Editions Bernheim-Jeune, 1926, p. 30, pl. [5] hors texte, as Jeune homme et la Mort.
Pfister 1927
Pfister, Kurt. Cézanne: Gestalt, Werk, Mythos. Potsdam: Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, 1927, fig. 113, as Jüngling mit Totenkopf, after 1890.
Querschnitt 1927
"[Ausstellung Galerie Thannhauser]." Der Querschnitt 7, no. 2 (February 1927), ill. between pp. 136 and 137, as Der junge Philosoph, Slg. Reber, Lugano.
Meier-Graefe 1927a
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne. translated by J. Holroyd-Reece. London: Ernest Benn, 1927, pl. LXXXVI.
Bertram 1929
Bertram, Anthony. Cézanne. London: Studio, 1929, pl. 8.
Waldemar-George 1930a
Waldemar-George. "Cézanne: 1930." Formes: revue internationale des arts plastiques, no. 4 (April 1930), p. 20-21, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
L'Art vivant 1932
"[Special issue:] L'exposition d'art français à Londres." L'Art vivant (Paris), no. 156 (January 1932), ill. p. 44, as Le jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Rivière 1933
Rivière, Georges. Cézanne: Le Peintre solitaire. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1933, p. 143, ill.
Iavorskaia 1935a
Iavorskaia, Nina. Cézanne. Moscow: Ogiz-Izogiz, 1935, pl. 43.
Raynal 1936
Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne. Paris: Editions de Cluny, 1936, pl. LXXV p. 107.
Huyghe 1936b
Huyghe, René. "Cézanne et son oeuvre." L'Amour de l'art 17, no. 5 (May 1936), fig. 58 p. 176, as Le jeune homme à la tête de mort, c. 1888.
Venturi 1936b
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 679, ill. vol. II, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Huyghe 1936d
Huyghe, René. Cézanne. Paris: Plon, Éditions d'Art et d'Histoire, 1936, pl. 43.
Barnes and de Mazia 1939
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 142, p. 259, ill. (analysis pp. 368–72).
Rivière 1942
Rivière, Georges. Cézanne: Le Peintre solitaire. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1942, p. 143, ill.
Schildt 1946
Schildt, Göran. Cézanne. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand, 1946, fig. 66.
Dorival 1948
Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 117, listed pp. 164-165.
Guerry 1950
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Flammarion, 1950, fig. 26.
Ramuz 1951
Ramuz, Charles Ferdinand. L'exemple de Cézanne suivi de Pages sur Cézanne: dessins et peintures. Lausanne: Mermod, 1951, ill. p. 65, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Beucken 1955
Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], pp. 241-242, 296.
Guerry 1966
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Albin-Michel, 1966, pl. 57.
Sweeney 1972
Sweeney, James Johnson. "The Albert C. Barnes Collection." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 3, no. 2 (Autumn 1972), p. 32, pl. 14.
Schapiro 1973
Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 47, ill.
De Mazia 1973b
De Mazia, Violette. "Creative Distortion III: In Portraiture." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1973), pl. 1.
De Mazia 1976a
De Mazia, Violette. "E Pluribus Unum." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 7, no. 1 (Spring 1976), pl. 7.
De Mazia 1976b
De Mazia, Violette. "E Pluribus Unum, Cont'd." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 7, no. 2 (Autumn 1976), pp. 11–31, pls. 66, 67.
De Mazia 1977a
De Mazia, Violette. "E Pluribus Unum – Cont'd: Part III." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 8, no. 1 (Spring 1977), pl. 6.
Rubin 1977a
Rubin, William, ed. Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, pl. 8.
Reff 1977c
Reff, Theodore. "Painting and Theory in the Final Decade." In Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, p. 18 ill.
De Mazia 1981–83b
De Mazia, Violette. "The Barnes Foundation: The Display of Its Art Collection." Vistas 2, no. 2 (1981–83), pp. 111, 116.
Reff 1983
Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne: The Severed Head and the Skull." Arts Magazine 58, no. 2 (October 1983), p. 97, fig. 15.
Ely 1984
Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne, L'Ecole de dessin et le Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne au Musée d'Aix. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 196, compared with a painting by Granet.
Von der Heydt Museum 1984
Von der Heydt Museum. Der westdeutsche Impuls 1900–1914, Kunst und Umweltgestaltung im Industriegebiet, Stadtenwicklung, Sammlungen, Austellungen. Günter Aust, ed.. Wuppertal: Von der Heydt Museum, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, p. 148, ill., as Junger Mann mit Totenkopf, ex-Reber collection.
Rewald 1989
Rewald, John. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, p. 219, fig. 112.
Gasquet 1991
Gasquet, Joachim. Joachim Gasquet's Cézanne. Translated by C. Pemberton. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1991, p. 53, ill.
Kosinski 1991
Kosinski, Dorothy. "G. F. Reber: Collector of Cubism." The Burlington Magazine 133, no. 1061 (August 1991), p. 521 mentioned, as Young man with a skull.
Verdi 1992
Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 175, fig. 152.
Sollers 1995
Sollers, Philippe. Le Paradis de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, 1995, p. 23, ill.
Cahn 1995b
Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 106, ill.
Rewald 1996
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 825, ill. vol. 2 and p. 44, ill. col. vol. 1, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Schmidt 1998
Schmidt, Katharina. "Cézannes letztes Stilleben." In Cézanne, Picasso, Braque: Der Beginn des kubistischen Stillebens. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 1998. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 13.
Lewis 2000
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 288, fig. 178.
Clark 2001
Clark, T.J. "Phenomenality and Materiality in Cézanne." In Material Events: Paul de Man and the Afterlife of Theory, ed. by Tom Cohen et al. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001, p. 111, fig. 9.
Kropmanns and Fleckner 2001
Kropmanns, Peter, and Uwe Fleckner. "Von kontinentaler Bedeutung: Gottlieb Friedrich Reber und seine Sammlungen." In Die Moderne und ihre Sammler: französische Kunst in deutschem Privatbesitz vom Kaiserreich zur Weimarer Republik, edited by Andrea Pophanken and Felix Billeter. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2001, listed p. 388.
Giles and Armstrong 2002
Giles, Laura, and Carol Armstrong, eds. Cézanne in Focus, Watercolors from The Henry and Rose Pearlman Collection. Pricneton, N.J.: Princeton University Art Museum, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, p. 107, fig. 2.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2003
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 185, fig. 4.36, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Nagai 2003
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Time." 2001.
Feilchenfeldt 2005e
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Gemälde: Formate und Themen, Echtheitsfragen." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 234, ill.
Lebensztejn 2006
Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. Études cézanniennes. Paris: Flammarion, 2006, p. 24, fig. 7, as Jeune homme au crâne.
Conisbee 2006c
Conisbee, Philip. "The Atelier des Lauves." In Cézanne in Provence. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 241, fig. 15, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Machotka 2008
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 361; vol. 2, p. 232, as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Bernstein 2009
Bernstein, Roberta. "Cézanne and Johns: 'At Every Point in Nature There Is Something to See.'" In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 464, fig. 17.1, as Boy with Skull, dated c. 1895.
Kitschen 2010
Kitschen, Friederike. "Melancholie und 'décoration.' Zur Stimmung im Werk Paul Cézannes." In Stimmung. Ästhetische Kategorie und künstlerische Praxis, edited by Kerstin Thomas. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2010, pl. 2.
Dolkart and Lucy 2012
Dolkart, Judith, Martha Lucy. The Barnes Foundation: Masterworks. New York: Skira Rizzoli, 2012, p. 227, ill. 223, comments by Judith Dolkart.
Ely 2012
Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne and the Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 127, fig. 75, as Young Man and Skull.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2014
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. "Cézanne in the Studio." In The World Is an Apple: The Still Lifes of Paul Cézanne. Hamilton, Ontario: Art Gallery of Hamilton, 2014. Exhibition catalogue, p. 200, fig. 3, as Young Man and Skull.
Leca 2014
Leca, Benedict. "'The Painter of Apples': Cézanne, Still Life, and Self-Fashioning." In The World Is an Apple: The Still Lifes of Paul Cézanne. Hamilton, Ontario: Art Gallery of Hamilton, 2014. Exhibition catalogue, p. 81, fig. 11, as Young Man and Skull.
Echte and Feilchenfeldt 2016e
Echte, Bernhard and Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Sammlung Gottlieb Friedrich Reber, Barmen: Anfang Januar bis 20. Januar 1913." In Kunstsalon Cassirer: Die Ausstellungen 1912-1914 vol. 6, "Eine neue Klassik". Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2016, p. 124, ill.
Elderfield, Morton, Rey 2017
Elderfield, John, Mary Morton, Xavier Rey. Cézanne Portraits. Paris: Musée d'Orsay and Editions Gallimard, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 252, fig. 74.
Kitschen 2017
Kitschen, Friederike. "Das Papierne Museum: Julius Meier-Graefe und die Vergegenwärtigung Paul Cézannes in Bild und Wort." In Julius Meier-Graefe: Grenzgänger der Künste, Becker, Ingeborg and Stephanie Marchal (editors). Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2017, p. 191, fig. 9 p. 192 (reproduction of ill. in Meier-Graefe 1918), as Junger Mann mit Totenkopf.
Elderfield, Morton, Rey 2017a
Elderfield, John, Mary Morton, Xavier Rey. Cézanne Portraits. London and Princeton, N,J.: National Portrait Gallery Publications and Princeton University Press, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 62.
Brettell 2019
Brettell, Richard R. On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin and Cézanne. Los Angeles: Getty Publicatons, 2019, fig. 50, dated c. 1896–98.
Dauberville 2020
Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Floriane Dauberville. Paul Cezanne chez Bernheim-Jeune. Paris: Editions G-P.F. Dauberville & Archives Bernheim-Jeune, 2020, no. 205, ill., as Jeune homme à la tête de mort.
Dombrowski, Ireson and Patry 2021
Dombrowski, André, Nancy Ireson, and Sylvie Patry, eds. Cézanne in the Barnes Foundation. New York: Rizzoli Electa in association with The Barnes Foundation, 2021, no. 55, pp. 274–81, as Young Man and Skull (catalogue notes by J-C Lebensztejn).
Clark 2022
Clark, T.J. If These Apples Should Fall, Cézanne and the Present. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 2022, pl. 56.
Record last updated February 25, 2022. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Jeune homme à la tête de mort, 1896–98 (FWN 693)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=801 (accessed on March 29, 2024).