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The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne
An Online Catalogue Raisonné under the Direction of Société Paul Cezanne
(Formerly directed by Walter Feilchenfeldt, Jayne Warman and David Nash)
Catalogue entry
FWN 1987
Trois crânes
1902–06
Alternate titles: Les trois crânes; The Three Skulls; Three Skulls
Rewald (W611); Venturi revised: c.1904; Venturi (1131): 1900–04
Graphite and watercolor, touches of gouache on wove paper
18 7/8 x 24 3/4 in. (48 x 62.8 cm)
Vollard W stockbook: no. 2856, têtes de mort; aquarelle, 47 x 62 (10,000)
Provenance
Ambroise Vollard, Paris
Martin Fabiani, Paris
Walter Feilchenfeldt, Zurich (1953)
The Art Institute of Chicago (1954)
Exhibition History
1932 Buffalo
Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, The Nineteenth Century: French Art in Retrospect (1800–1900), November 1–30, 1932, no. 69.1933c New York
Jacques Seligmann Gallery, New York, Water Colors by Cezanne, November 16–December 7, 1933, no. 3, as The Three Skulls.1934c London
Leicester Galleries, London, Water-Colours and Drawings by Modern French Masters, June 22–July ? 1934, as The Three Skulls.1955a Paris
Orangerie, Paris, De David à Toulouse-Lautrec: Chefs-d'oeuvre des collections américaines, April 20–July 5, 1955, no. 57, ill., pl. 71, as Les trois crânes, c. 1900-1904, lent by The Art Institute of Chicago.1956 Milwaukee and traveling
Milwaukee Art Institute, Milwaukee, Still Life Painting since 1470, September 1956, no. 10, ill. Traveled to: Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, October 1956.1962 Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, California, Painted Papers: Watercolors from Dürer to the Present, 1962, no. 31, ill.1963f New York
Knoedler Galleries, New York, Cézanne Watercolors, April 2–20, 1963, no. 55, pl. LIII, as Les trois crânes, 1900-1904, lent by The Art Institute of Chicago, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis L. Coburn Memorial Collection.1966 St. Louis
Washington University Gallery of Art, St. Louis, Nineteenth adn Twentieth Century Artists and Draughtsmen, March 13–April 8, 1966.1971 Washington, D.C. and traveling
Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C., Cézanne: An Exhibition in Honor of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Phillips Collection, February 27–March 28, 1971, no. 57, ill. Traveled to: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, April 17–May 16, 1971; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, June 1–July 3, 1971.1976–77 Paris
Cabinet des Dessins, Musée du Louvre, Paris, Dessins francais de l'Art Institute de Chicago: de Watteau a Picasso, 1976–77, no. 63, ill.1977 Frankfurt am Main
Städelschen Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, Französische Zeichnungen aus dem Art Institute of Chicago, February 10–April 10, 1977, no. 71, ill.1977–78 New York and traveling
The Museum of Modern Art, New York and Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris, France, Cézanne: The Late Work, October 7, 1977–January 3, 1978, no. 74, ill., pl. 156, as Three Skulls, 1902-06, lent by The Art Institute of Chicago. Traveled to: Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, January 26–March 19, 1978; Grand Palais, Paris, Cezanne: Les dernières années (1895–1906), April 20–July 23, 1978 (see Paris 1978a for a separate listing because the catalogue numbers are different from the two American venues).1978a Paris
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne: Les dernières années (1895–1906), April 20–July 23, 1978, no. 26, ill. in color, as Trois crânes, 1902-06, lent by The Art Institute, Chicago.1995–96 Paris and traveling
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 215, ill. in color, p. 494, as Trois crânes, 1902-1906, lent by The Art Institute of Chicago, shown in Philadelphia only. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.2004–05 Los Angeles
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, Cézanne in the Studio: Still Life in Watercolor, October 12, 2004–January 2, 2005, pl. 9, as Three Skulls.2022–23 Chicago and traveling
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cezanne, May 15–September 5, 2022, no. 141, ill. Reflection: "Trio" by Julia Fish , p. 211. Traveled to: Tate Moderrn, London, October 6, 2022–March 12, 2023.Published References
D'Ors 1930
Ors, Eugenio d.' Paul Cézanne. Paris: Editions des Chroniques du Jour, 1930, p. 81, ill.Raynal 1936
Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne. Paris: Editions de Cluny, 1936, pl. CIV p. 140.Venturi 1936b
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 1131, ill. vol. II, as Les trois crânes.Rich 1954
Rich, Daniel C. "A Masterpiece in Watercolor by Cézanne." Quarterly (Art Institute of Chicago) vol. XLIII, no 3 (Sept. 15, 1954), pp. 46-47, ill.Neumeyer 1958
Neumeyer, Alfred. Cézanne's Drawings. New York and London: Thomas Yoseloff, 1958, no. 63.Murphy 1968
Murphy, Richard W. The World of Cézanne, 1839–1906. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968, p. 131, ill.Siblík 1969
Siblík, Jiří. Paul Cézanne: Kresby [Drawings]. Prague: Odeon, 1969, fig. 54.Joachim and Olsen 1978
Joachim, Harold, and Sandra Haller Olsen. French Drawings and Sketchbooks of the Nineteenth Century. Chicago, 1978, pp. 14–15, no. 1C8.Shone 1979
Shone, Richard. The Post-Impressionists. New York: Gallery Books, 1979, p. 107, ill.Kelder 1980
Kelder, Diane. The Great Book of French Impressionism. New York: Abbeville Press, 1980, pp. 389, ill. and 434.Rewald 1983a
Rewald, John. Paul Cézanne: The Watercolors, A Catalogue Raisonné. Boston: Little, Brown; London: Thames & Hudson, 1983, no. 611, ill.Kendall 1988
Kendall, Richard, ed. Cézanne: By Himself. London: Macdonald, 1988, p. 245, ill.Düchting 1989
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 194, ill.Wadley 1991
Wadley, Nicholas. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Drawing. New York: Penguin Books, 1991, p. 214, ill.Baron and Bonafoux 1993
Baron, Jean-Marie and Pascal Bonafoux. Cézanne: Les Natures Mortes. Paris: Editions Herscher, 1993, p. 58, ill.Kitschen 1995
Kitschen, Friederike. Cézanne: Stilleben. Ostfildern-Ruit: Verlag Gerd Hatje, 1995, fig. 60.Bach 2000
Bach, Friedrich Teja. "The Stake in the Pictorial Flesh: Disruptions in Cézanne's Oeuvre." In Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, p. 81, fig. 31, as Three Skulls, Art Institute of Chicago.Wood and Mancoff 2000
Wood, James N. and Mancoff, Debra N. Treasures from The Art Institute of Chicago. New York, p. 230, ill.Machotka 2008
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 392; vol. 2, p. 248, as Trois crânes.Landrot 2010
Landrot, Gérard. Cézanne Aquarelles. Paris: Éditions Langlaude, 2010, p. 73, ill.Lloyd 2015
Lloyd, Christopher. Paul Cézanne, Drawings and Watercolors. London and Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson and John Paul Getty Museum, 2015, p. 308, fig. 224.Lloyd 2019
Lloyd, Christopher. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Drawings. New York: Thames & Hudson Inc., 2019, p. 99, ill., as Three Skulls.Ruppen 2019
Ruppen, Fabienne. "Tackling Cezanne's Paper: On the Reconstruction of Loose Sheets." In Reconstructing Cezanne. London: Ridinghouse and Luxembourg & Dayan, 2019. Exhibition catalogue, fig. 12.Muir et al 2022
Muir, Kimberly, Kristi Dahm, Giovanni Verri, Maria Kokkori, and Clara Granzotto. "'A Harmony Parallel to Nature' – Color, Form, and Space in Cezanne's Watercolors and Oil Paintings." In Cezanne. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2022, pp. 49–50, figs. 1 and 5 (details).
Photo Paul Smith, Courtesy Atelier Cezanne
Related
Record last updated March 20, 2023. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Trois crânes, 1902–06 (FWN 1987)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=1594 (accessed on May 5, 2024).
