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Catalogue entry

© The Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania, USA/ The Bridgeman Art Library
FWN 926
Les Baigneurs au repos
1876–77
Alternate titles: Baigneurs; Baigneurs au repos; Baigneurs au repos, III; Bathers at Rest; Bathers in Repose; Les Baigneurs; Les baigneurs; Etude, projet de tableau; The Bathers
Rewald (261): 1876–77; Venturi revised: c.1877; Venturi (276): 1875–76; Rivière: 1876; Vollard: 1877; Machotka et al: 1876–77
Oil on canvas
32 3/8 x 39 13/16 in. (82.2 x 101.2 cm)
Signed lower right in red: P. Cezanne
Vollard archives: photo no. 245, annotated: 1877

Keywords

Provenance
Ernest Cabaner, Paris (gift from the artist)
Gustave Caillebotte, Paris (1881);
Caillebotte Bequest (1894), withdrawn by the executors;
Martial Caillebotte, Paris
Galerie E. Bignou, Paris and New York
Barnes Foundation, Merion and Philadelphia (Mar. 11, 1932)
Exhibition History
1877 Paris
6, rue Le Peletier, Paris, Troisième exposition de peinture, opening April 4, 1877, no. 26, as Les baigneurs; Etude, projet de tableau.
1895 Paris
Galerie Vollard, Paris, Paul Cézanne, November 11–December 15, 1895, ex-Caillebotte.
1905b Paris
Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, 3e exposition, October 18–November 25, 1905, no. 320, as Les Baigneurs.
1993–95 Washington, D.C. and traveling
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, May 2–August 15, 1993, no number, pp. 102–05, ill. p. 103. Traveled to: Musèe d'Orsay, Paris, November 6, 1993–January 2, 1994; National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, January 21–April 3, 1994; Kimbell Art Museum, Forth Worth, Texas, April 24–August 16, 1994; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, September 17–December 31, 1994; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, January 29–April 1995; Haus der Kunst, Munich, June 23–October 22, 1995.
Published References
Descubes 1877
Descubes, A. "L'Exposition des impressionnistes." Gazette des lettres, des sciences et des arts, vol. 1, no. 12 (April 20, 1877), p. 187, toute son exposition [...] est une horrible mascarade, couronnée (car il est des degrés dans l'atroce!) par l'incroyable tableau des baigneurs, d'une exécution enfantine, d'une expression abjecte.
Gastyne 1877
Gastyne, Jules de. "Courrier de Paris." Le Nain jaune (April 1877), p. 1, petites statues en bois sales fichées au milieu d'un plat d'épinards qui m'a fait rire aux larmes.
Laurent-Pichat 1877
Laurent-Pichat, L. "Salon de 1877: III." Le Phare de la Loire (June 9, 1877), p. 2, Son étude de baigneurs est odieusement sale.
Lora 1877
Lora, Léon de. "L'exposition des impressionnistes." Le Gaulois, April 10, 1877, p. 2, les ventres bleus de ces baigneurs et les nuages d'un blanc de faïence qui flottant au-dessus de leur tête.
Rivière 1877
Rivière, Georges. "L'exposition des impressionnistes." L'Impressionniste: journal d'art, nos. 1 and 2 (April 6 and April 14, 1877), p. 2 (no.2), as Baigneurs.
Villebrun 1877
Villebrun, H. "Chronique parisienne." Le Ralliement (April 9, 1877), une grande toile représente quatre hommes sortant du bain.
Huysmans 1889
Huysmans, Joris-Karl. Certains. Paris: Unions Générale d'Editions, 1889.
Bernard 1894
Bernard, Émile. "Paul Cézanne." Le Coeur, December 1894, p. 34.
Geffroy 1897
Geffroy, Gustave. "Au Luxembourg." Le Journal, February 16, 1897, p. 5 (mentioned as not included among the works accepted from the Caillebotte Estate).
L'Illustration 1905
"Le Salon d'Automne." L'Illustration, no. 3271 (November 4, 1905), p. 294, ill.
Borgmeyer 1913
Borgmeyer, Charles Louis. The Master Impressionists. Chicago: The Fine Arts Press, 1913, p. 233, ill.
Vollard 1914
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Vollard, 1914, pl. 16, as Les Baigneurs au repos.
Fry 1917
Fry, Roger. "'Paul Cézanne' by Ambroise Vollard: Paris, 1915, A Review." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 31, no. 173 (August 1917), pl. I.
Tabarant 1921b
Tabarant, [Adolphe]. "Le peintre Caillebotte et sa collection." Le Bulletin de la vie artistique 2, no. 15 (August 1, 1921), p. 413, ill., as Les Baigneurs.
Rivière 1923
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, p. 203, listed.
Vollard 1923
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne: His Life and Art. Translated by Harold L. van Doren. New York: Nicholas Brown, 1923, pp. 75–76, ill. opp. p. 84.
Ludovici 1926
Ludovici, Albert. An Artist's Life in London and Paris, 1870–1925. New York: Minton, Balch & Co., 1926, p. 200.
Fry 1927a
Fry, Roger. Cézanne: A Study of His Development. New York: Macmillan, 1927, p. 60, fig. 24, pl. XVII.
Klein 1934
Klein, Jerome. The Lillie P. Bliss Collection. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1934, fig. 5.
Bulliet 1936
Bulliet, Clarence Joseph. The Significant Moderns and Their Pictures. New York: Covici, 1936, pl. 8.
Vollard 1936
Vollard, Ambroise. Recollections of a Picture Dealer. Translated by Violet M. MacDonald. New York: Dover Publications, 1936, p. 264.
Venturi 1936b
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 276, ill. vol. II, as Les Baigneurs au repos.
Barnes 1937
Barnes, Albert C. The Art in Painting, 3rd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1937, p. 332.
Rewald 1937a
Rewald, John. "A propos du catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre de Paul Cézanne et de la chronologie de cette œuvre." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 20, nos. 3-4 (March–April 1937), p. 54, as Baigneurs.
Vollard 1938
Vollard, Ambroise. En écoutant Cézanne, Degas, Renoir. Paris: B. Grasset, 1938, p. 32, ill. opposite p. 32, as Baigneurs.
Barnes and de Mazia 1939
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 63, p. 198, ill. (analysis pp. 324–28).
Venturi 1939
Venturi, Lionello. Archives de l'impressionnisme. 2 vols. Paris and New York: Durand-Ruel, 1939, p. 317.
Loran 1943
Loran, Erle. Cézanne's Composition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943, pp. 94–95, pl. XXI.
Fry 1952
Fry, Roger. Cézanne: A Study of his Developement. London: Hogarth Press, 1952, p. 60, pl. XVII fig. 24, as The Bathers.
Gachet 1954a
Gachet, Paul. Cabaner. Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, Éditions d'études et de documents, 1954, pp. 4–5.
Beucken 1955
Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], pp. 144, 145.
Berthold 1958
Berthold, Gertrude. Cézanne und die alten Meister. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1958, p. 36.
Rewald 1961
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961, p. 388, ill.
Waldfogel 1965
Waldfogel, Melvin. "Caillebotte, Vollard and Cézanne's 'Baigneurs au repos.'" Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 65, periode 6 (February 1965), p. 113 and 115, fig. 2 p. 115, as Les Baigneurs au repos.
Druick 1972
Druick, Douglas. "Cézanne, Vollard, and Lithography: The Ottawa Maquette for the 'Large Bathers' Colour Lithograph." Bulletin of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa 19 (1972), pp. 20, 24, fig. 1.
Sweeney 1972
Sweeney, James Johnson. "The Albert C. Barnes Collection." The Barnes Foundation Journal of the Art Department 3, no. 2 (Autumn 1972), p. 32, pl. 34.
Druick 1977
Druick, Douglas. "Cézanne's Lithographs." In Cézanne: The Late Work. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977. Exhibition catalogue, p. 122, fig. 1.
Tsiakma 1977
Tsiakma, Katia. "Cézanne's and Poussin's Nudes." Art Journal 37, no. 2 (Winter 1977), fig. 11.
Reff 1977b
Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne's Late Bather Paintings." Arts Magazine 52, no. 2 (October 1977), p. 119.
Venturi 1978
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne. Geneva: Skira, 1978, p. 79, ill.
Krumrine 1980
Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Cézanne's Bathers: Form and Content." Arts Magazine 54, no. 9 (May 1980), pp. 116, 119, fig. 4.
Arrouye 1982a
Arrouye, Jean. La Provence de Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1982, p. 107, ill.
Laurent, Vaisse and Chardeau 1984
Laurent, Jeanne, Pierre Vaisse and Jacques Chardeau. "The New Caillebotte Affair." October vol. 31 (Winter 1984), p. 83, ill. p. 84, as Bathers in Repose, 1875-76.
Pickvance and Takumi 1986
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 88, b/w.
Lévêque 1988
Lévêque, Jean Jacques. La Vie et l'oeuvre de Paul Cézanne. Courbevoie: ACR, 1988, p. 24, ill. in b/w.
Geelhaar 1989
Geelhaar, Christian. "The Painters Who Had the Right Eyes: On the reception of Cézanne's Bathers." In Paul Cézanne: The Bathers. Basel: Kunstmuseum Basel, 1989. Exhibition catalogue, p. 280, fig. 209, as Baigneurs au repos.
Rewald 1989
Rewald, John. Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, 1891–1921. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Thames & Hudson, 1989, p. 276, fig. 140.
Krumrine 1989b
Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Paul Cézanne: The Bathers." In Paul Cézanne: The Bathers. Basel: Museum of Fine Arts, 1989. Exhibition catalogue, ill. 74 p. 111.
Gasquet 1991
Gasquet, Joachim. Joachim Gasquet's Cézanne. Translated by C. Pemberton. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1991, p. 103, ill.
Verdi 1992
Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1992, p. 79, fig. 66.
Cachin and Rishel 1995
Cachin, Françoise, and Joseph Rishel. Cézanne. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1995. Exhibition catalogue, p. 279, fig. 1.
Clark 1995
Clark, T.J. "Freud's Cézanne." Representations, no. 52 (Autumn 1995), fig. 2.
Krumrine 1995
Krumrine, Mary Louise. "Du plongeon aux baigneuses." Dossier de l'art (Dijon), no. 25 (September - October 1995), ill. p. 52.
Rewald 1996
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 261, ill. vol. 2 and p. 29, ill. col. vol. 1, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Bach 2000
Bach, Friedrich Teja. "The Stake in the Pictorial Flesh: Disruptions in Cézanne's Oeuvre." In Cézanne: Finished, Unfinished. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, p. 74, fig. 22, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Coutagne 2000
Coutagne, Denis. "Cézanne au fil de l'eau." In Au fil de l'eau. Aix-en-Provence: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 2000. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 29, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Lewis 2000
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 154, fig. 99.
Ballas 2002
Ballas, Guila. Cézanne: baigneuses et baigneurs: thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002, ill. pp. 142 (detail) and 153, p. 291, no. 110, ill., as Baigneurs au repos, III, c. 1877.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2003
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. Cézanne and Provence: The Painter in His Culture. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 201, fig. 5.13, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Feilchenfeldt 2005a
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte Cézannes in Deutschland." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 139, ill.
Feilchenfeldt 2005e
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Gemälde: Formate und Themen, Echtheitsfragen." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 236, ill.
Farber 2006
Farber, Jules B. Autour de Cézanne. Sommières: Romain Pages, 2006, p. 77, ill. in color.
Lebensztejn 2006
Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. Études cézanniennes. Paris: Flammarion, 2006, p. 77, fig. 31, as Les baigneurs; Etude, projet de tableau, dated 1876.
Conisbee 2006a
Conisbee, Philip. "Cézanne's Provence." In Cézanne in Provence. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 21, fig. 20, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Shiff 2007
Shiff, Richard. "Risible Cézanne." In The Repeating Image: Multiples in French Painting from David to Matisse. Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2007. Exhibition catalogue, p. 146, fig. 16, as Bathers at Rest.
D'Souza 2008
D'Souza, Aruna. Cézanne's Bathers. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008, pl. 2, ill.
Machotka 2008
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: The Eye and the Mind, 2 vols. Marseille: Editions Crès, 2008, vol. 1, fig. 82; vol. 2, p. 75, as Baigneurs au repos, III.
Simms 2008
Simms, Matthew. Cézanne's watercolors: between drawing and painting. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, p. 173, fig. 122.
Bois 2009
Bois, Yve-Alain. "Cézanne and Matisse: From Apprenticeship to Creative Misreading." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 124, fig. 4.15 (detail), as Bathers at Rest.
Lanchner 2009
Lanchner, Carolyn. "Cézanne and Giacometti: An Odd Couple." In Cézanne and Beyond. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art; New Haven: In association with Yale University Press, 2009. Exhibition catalogue, p. 391, fig. 14.9, as Bathers at Rest, dated 1875–76.
Lanchner 2011
Lanchner, Carolyn. 10 Works by Paul Cézanne in the Museum of Modern Art Collection. MoMA Artists Series. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2011, p. 13, fig. 2.
Warman 2011
Warman, Jayne. "Cézanne peintre des peintres." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 167, fig. 84, as Les Baigneurs au repos.
Dolkart and Lucy 2012
Dolkart, Judith, Martha Lucy. The Barnes Foundation: Masterworks. New York: Skira Rizzoli, 2012, p. 161, ill. p. 157, comments by Martha Lucy.
Lewis 2012
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "Cézanne and the Louvre." In Cézanne and the Past: Tradition and Creativity. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 112, fig. 66, p. 98 (detail), as Bathers at Rest.
Rishel 2012c
Rishel, Joseph J. "Cézanne, Virgil, Poussin." In Gauguin, Cézanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012. Exhibition catalogue, p. 171, fig. 165, as Bathers at Rest.
Cézanne 2013
Cézanne, Paul. The Letters of Paul Cézanne. Edited and translated by Alex Danchev. London and Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson; Getty Publications, 2013, p. 188, ill.
Colrat 2013
Colrat, Jean. Cézanne: Joindre les mains errantes de la nature. Paris-Sorbonne: PUPS, 2013, p. 235, pl. 112.
Dombrowski 2013
Dombrowski, André. Cézanne, Murder, and Modern Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, p. 242, fig. 100.
Nagaï 2015
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and the meaning of 'copying.'" Bijutsu Forum 21, no. 31 (May 2015), p. 123, ill.
Warman 2015
Warman, Jayne. "Chocquet und Cézanne – eine einzigartige Freundschaft." In Victor Chocquet – Freund und Sammler der Impressionisten, Renoir, Cézanne, Monet, Manet. Bern and Munich: Bundesamt für Kultur and Hirmer Verlag, 2015. Exhibition catalogue, p. 148, pl. 72.
Eiling et al. 2017
Eiling, Alexander, Anett Göthe, Astrid Reuter, Bettina Kaufmann, Eva-Maria Höllerer, Juliane Betz and Julia Lachenmann. "Catalog." In Cézanne Metamorphoses. Munich and Karlsruhe: Prestel and Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 219 fig. 2.
Marchesseau 2017
Marchesseau, Daniel. Paul Cezanne, Le chant de la terre. Martigny: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 292, ill.
Armstrong 2018
Armstrong, Carol. Cézanne's Gravity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018, fig. 9, 1876-77.
Nagaï 2018
Nagaï, Takanori. "What Copying Meant to Cezanne." Aesthetics, no. 21 (2018), fig. 12.
Dauberville 2020
Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Floriane Dauberville. Paul Cezanne chez Bernheim-Jeune. Paris: Editions G-P.F. Dauberville & Archives Bernheim-Jeune, 2020, no. 267, ill., as Baigneurs au repos.
Dombrowski, Ireson and Patry 2021
Dombrowski, André, Nancy Ireson, and Sylvie Patry, eds. Cézanne in the Barnes Foundation. New York: Rizzoli Electa in association with The Barnes Foundation, 2021, no. 8, pp. 82–95, as Bathers at Rest (catalogue notes by C. Riopelle and S. Patry).
Groom 2022
Groom, Gloria. "'At Once Unknown and Famous' – Cezanne in Paris." In Cezanne. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2022, p. 26, fig. 3.
Nagaï 2022a
Nagaï, Takanori. Truth in Panting: The Meaning of Cezanne's Practices for Modernizing Society. Tokyo: Sangesha Publishers Inc., 2022, pl. 42.
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2023
Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. "Cézanne nostalgique: Nostalgia, Memory, Illusion." Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide, Autumn 2023, fig. 2.
Notes

This work probably replaced Les Baigneurs au repos, 1875–76 (924) at the last minute in the Third Impressionist exhibition. Degas made a sketch of the central figure of this painting, having seen it at the exhibition.

The work was given by the artist to Ernest Cabaner, who died in 1881.  Gustave Caillebotte bought it from Cabaner's estate and bequeathed it to the French State at his death in 1894 – it was rejected.

Cézanne made a lithograph after the painting for Vollard.

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Record last updated October 29, 2023. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Les Baigneurs au repos, 1876–77 (FWN 926)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=263 (accessed on March 29, 2024).