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Catalogue entry

FWN 422
Le Nègre Scipion
c.1867
Alternate titles: Bildnis des Negers Scipio; Der Neger Scipio; Der Neger Scipion; El negre; Le nègre; Le nègre Scipion; Le Noir Scipion; Portrait du Nègre Scipion; The Negro Scipion
Rewald (120): c.1867; Venturi revised: c.1868; Venturi (100): 1866–68; Rivière: 1865; Vollard: 1865; Gowing: 1867, probably after No. 121
Oil on canvas
42 1/8 x 32 11/16 in. (107 x 83 cm)

Keywords

Provenance
Ambroise Vollard, Paris
Claude Monet, Giverny (December 7, 1895);
Michel Monet, Giverny
Paul Rosenberg, Paris
Wildenstein Galleries, Paris, London, and New York
Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand
Exhibition History
1895 Paris
Galerie Vollard, Paris, Paul Cézanne, November 11–December 15, 1895, Monet buys.
1907a Paris
Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais, Paris, Rétrospective d'oeuvres de Cézanne, October 1–22, 1907, no number, ill. lent by Monet [see letters to Durand-Ruel, #1837, dated Sept. 20, 1907, and #1838, dated Oct. 28, 1907].
1931b Paris
Musée des Colonies, Paris, Exposition Coloniale Internationale de Paris, May–November 1931, p. 30, ill. in b/w, as Le nègre, lent by Private collection.
1936 Basel
Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland, Paul Cézanne, August 30–October 12, 1936, no. 2, ill., as Der Neger Scipion, 1866, lent by Michel Monet, Giverny.
1939a Paris
Paul Rosenberg, Paris, Exposition Cézanne (1839-1906), organisée à l'occasion de son centenaire au profit de l’œuvre de l'allaitement maternel, February 21–April 1, 1939, no. 1, ill., as Portrait du Nègre Scipion, 1867, lent by Michel Monet.
1939b London
Rosenberg & Helft, London, Exhibition Cézanne (1839-1906) to celebrate his centenary, April 19–May 20, 1939, no. 1, ill., (dated 1867), lent by M. Monet.
1947–48 Brussels
Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, De David à Cézanne, November 1947–January 1948, no. 137, as Le nègre, lent by Private collection.
1952 Chicago and traveling
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cézanne: Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings, A Loan Exhibition, February 7–March 16, 1952, no. 4, ill. lent by São Paulo. Traveled to: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April 1–May 16, 1952.
1953–54 Paris and traveling
Orangerie, Paris, Chefs-d'oeuvre du Musée d'Art de São Paulo, October 10, 1953–January 1954, no. 2. Traveled to: Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, January 14–February 28, 1954; Utrecht Centraal Museum, March 6–May 2, 1954; Berner Kunstmusuem, Bern, Switzerland, May 8–June 7, 1954; Tate Gallery, London, June 19–August 15, 1954; Palazzo reale, Milan, November 1954–February 1955.
1954b London
Tate Gallery, London, Masterpieces from the São Paulo Museum of Art, June 19–August 15, 1954, no. 44, ill.
1954–55 Milan
Palazzo Reale, Milan, Dipinti del Museo d'arte di San Paolo del Brasile, November 1954–February 1955, no. 63, ill.
1957c New York
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Paintings from the São Paulo Museum of Art, March 21–June 2, 1957, no. 43, ill.
1964–65 Munich
Haus der Kunst, Munich, Französische Malerei des 19. Jahrhunderts, von David bis Cézanne, October 7, 1964–January 6, 1965, no. 18, ill. not shown.
1974 Tokyo and traveling
National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, March 30–May 19, 1974, no. 3, ill. Traveled to: Municipal Museum, Kyoto, Japan, June 1–July 17, 1974; Cultural Center, Fukuoka, Japan, July 24–August 18, 1974.
1984 Madrid
Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Madrid, Paul Cézanne, March 9–April 1984, no. 2, ill.
1986 Tokyo and traveling
Isetan Museum of Art, Tokyo, Cézanne, September 18–October 7, 1986, no. 3, ill. lent by Museu de Arte de São Paulo. Traveled to: Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art, Kobe, Japan, October 10–November 9, 1986; Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery, Nagoya, Japan, November 15–December 4, 1986.
1988–89a London and traveling
Royal Academy of Arts, London, Cézanne: The Early Years 1859–1872, April 22–August 21, 1988, no. 30, ill. Traveled to: Musée d'Orsay, Cézanne: les années de jeunesse 1859-1872, Paris, September 19, 1988–January 1, 1989; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., January 29–April 30, 1989.
1995–96 Paris and traveling
Grand Palais, Paris, Cézanne, September 26, 1995–January 14, 1996, no. 11, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion. Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, February 8–April 28, 1996; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, May 26–September 1, 1996.
1999–2000 Yokohama and traveling
Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan, Cézanne and Japan, September 11–December 19, 1999, no. 4, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion. Traveled to: Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan, January 5–March 12, 2000.
2006–07 New York and traveling
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde, September 14, 2006–January 7, 2007, no. 25, ill., fig. 40, pp. 39, 335–36, as Le Nègre Scipion, shown in New York and Chicago only. Traveled to: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, February 17–May 13, 2007; Musée d'Orsay, Paris, June 19–September 16, 2007.
2011–12 Paris
Musée du Luxembourg, Paris, Cézanne et Paris, October 12, 2011–February 26, 2012, no. 16, ill., p. 45, as Le Nègre Scipion, lent by MASP, São Paulo.
2013–14 Rome
Complesso del Vittoriano, Rome, Cézanne e gli artisti italiani del '900, October 5, 2013–February 2, 2014, no. 4, ill.
2015 Sao Paulo
Museu de Arte de Sao Paulo Assis Chateaubriand - MASP, Sao Paulo, Arte da França: de Delacroix a Cézanne, July 17–November 8, 2015.
2017–18 Paris
Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris, Monet Collectionneur, September 14, 2017–January 14, 2018, no. 58, ill.
2019c Paris
Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Le modèle noir: de Géricault à Matisse, March 26–July 21, 2019, no. 156, listed p. 356, ill. p. 204, as Le Noir Scipion, 1866-1868.
2022–23 Chicago and traveling
The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Cezanne, May 15–September 5, 2022, no. 25, ill. 1866–68, Reflection: "When is a Place" by Ellen Gallagher, pp. 93–94. Traveled to: Tate Moderrn, London, October 6, 2022–March 12, 2023.
Published References
Bernheim-Jeune 1914
Bernheim-Jeune, ed. Cézanne. With contributions by O. Mirbeau, T. Duret, L. Werth, et al. Paris: Editions Hollande, 1914, pl. XII.
Vollard 1914
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Vollard, 1914, pl. 4, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Revista nova 1914a
Revista nova (Barcelona) Year I, no. 1 (April 11, 1914), ill. p. 11, as El negre.
Coquiot 1919
Coquiot, Gustave. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Ollendorf, 1919, p. 37, as Le Nègre Scipion.
Vollard 1921
Vollard, Ambroise. Paul Cézanne. Munich: Kurt Wolfe Verlag, 1921, ill. opp. p. 28, as Bildnis des Negers Scipio, dated 1865.
Meier-Graefe 1922
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Cézanne und sein Kreis: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte: mit 171 Tonätzungen und einem Lichtdruck. Munich: R. Piper, 1922, ill. p. 86, as Der Neger Scipion, 1885.
Wedderkop 1922b
Wedderkop, Harro von. Paul Cézanne. Leipzig: Klinkhardt und Biermann, 1922, ill.
Klingsor 1923
Klingsor, Tristan L. Cézanne. Paris: Rieder, 1923, p. 11.
Rivière 1923
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1923, p. 197, listed.
Elder 1924
Elder, Marc. À Giverny, chez Claude Monet. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1924, p. 49.
Glaser 1927
Glaser, Curt. "Das Cézanne-Buch Joachim Gasquets I [and] II." Kunst und Künstler 25, nos. 8 and 9 (1927), ill. p. 330.
Pfister 1927
Pfister, Kurt. Cézanne: Gestalt, Werk, Mythos. Potsdam: Gustav Kiepenheuer Verlag, 1927, fig. 17, as Der Neger Scipio, 1865.
D'Ors 1930
Ors, Eugenio d.' Paul Cézanne. Paris: Editions des Chroniques du Jour, 1930, pl. 1.
Alazard 1931
Alazard, Jean. "L'Exotisme dans la peinture française au XIXe siècle." Gazette des beaux-arts, vol. 6, periode 6 (October 1931), p. 254, ill.
Zervos 1931
Zervos, Christian. "Les Problèmes de la jeune peinture: Le retour au sujet est-il probable?" Cahiers d'Art, nos. 3 and 4 (1931), p. 205, ill.
Iavorskaia 1935a
Iavorskaia, Nina. Cézanne. Moscow: Ogiz-Izogiz, 1935, pl. 6.
Di San Lazzaro 1936
Di San Lazzaro, Gualtieri. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Chroniques du Jour, 1936, fig. 1.
Raynal 1936
Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne. Paris: Editions de Cluny, 1936, pl. VII p. 34.
D'Ors 1936a
Ors, Eugenio d.' Paul Cézanne. New York: E. Weyhe, 1936, pl. 1.
Venturi 1936b
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne: Son Art, Son Oeuvre. Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936, no. 100, ill. vol. II, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Vollard 1938
Vollard, Ambroise. En écoutant Cézanne, Degas, Renoir. Paris: B. Grasset, 1938, p. 20, as Portrait du Nègre Scipion.
Bagarry 1939
Bagarry, Adrien-Pierre. "Le centenaire de Cézanne." La Renaissance (Paris), vol. 22, no. 1 (March 1939), p. 2, ill., as Portrait du Nègre Scipion, 1867, Michel Monet collection.
Barnes and de Mazia 1939
Barnes, Albert C., and Violette de Mazia. The Art of Cézanne. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939, no. 24, listed.
Rewald 1946
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1946, p. 141, ill.
Dorival 1948
Dorival, Bernard. Cézanne. Paris: Pierre Tisné, 1948, pl. 8, listed p. 142.
Guerry 1950
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Flammarion, 1950, pl. 5.
Storey 1952
Storey, Benjamin. "Retrospettiva Cézanne." Emporium 115, no. 689 (May 1952), p. 196, ill.
Art et Style 1954
Bardi, P.M. and Hélène Adhémar. Art et Style. 30, L'art français au Musée d'art de Sao-Paulo. Paris, 1st trimester 1954, ill. in b/w. (n.p.), as Le Nègre Scipion, c. 1866-1868.
Beucken 1955
Beucken, Jean de. Un portrait de Cézanne. Paris: Gallimard, [1955], p. 67.
Rewald 1961
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961, p. 158, ill.
Taillandier 1961
Taillander, Yvon. P. Cézanne. Milan: Antonio Vallardi, 1961, p. 10.
Gimpel 1963
Gimpel, René. Journal d'un collectionneur marchand de tableaux. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1963, p. 155.
Guerry 1966
Guerry, Liliane. Cézanne et l'expression de l'espace. Paris: Albin-Michel, 1966, pl. 5.
Ikegami 1969
Ikegami, Chuji. Cézanne. Tokyo: Shueisha, 1969, pl. 2.
Brion 1971
Brion, Marcel. Cézanne. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1971, ill. p. 25.
Schapiro 1973
Schapiro, Meyer. Paul Cézanne. Translated by Louis-Marie Ollivier. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Françaises, 1973, p. 56, ill.
Elgar 1975
Elgar, Frank. Cézanne. New York: Praeger, 1975, fig. 18.
Ponente 1980
Ponente, Nello. Paul Cézanne. Bologna: Capitol, 1980, p. 25, ill.
Ely 1984
Ely, Bruno. "Cézanne, L'Ecole de dessin et le Musée d'Aix." In Cézanne au Musée d'Aix. Aix-en-Provence: Musée Granet, 1984. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 183.
Wetzel 1984
Wetzel, Christoph. Paul Cézanne: Leben u. Werk. Stuttgart/Zurich: Belser, 1984, p. 15, ill. in color.
Bernard, B. 1986
Bernard, Bruce. The Impressionist Revolution. London: Orbis, 1986, p. 113, ill.
Pickvance and Takumi 1986
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Cézanne. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986. Exhibition catalogue, p. 27, pl. 3.
Rewald 1986b
Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986, p. 48, ill.
Kendall 1988
Kendall, Richard, ed. Cézanne: By Himself. London: Macdonald, 1988, p. 38, ill.
Lévêque 1988
Lévêque, Jean Jacques. La Vie et l'oeuvre de Paul Cézanne. Courbevoie: ACR, 1988, p. 63, ill. in color.
Düchting 1989
Düchting, Hajo. Paul Cézanne: Natur wird Kunst. Cologne: Benedict Taschen Verlag, 1989, p. 26, ill.
Naubert-Riser 1992
Naubert-Riser, Constance. Cézanne. London: Studio Editions, 1994, p. 49.
Cahn 1995b
Cahn, Isabelle. Paul Cézanne. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 1995, p. 42, ill.
Rewald 1996
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne, A Catalogue Raisonné, 2 vols. In Collaboration with Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996, no. 120, ill. vol. 2 and p. 25, ill. col. vol. 1, as Le Nègre Scipion.
Coutagne 1997
Coutagne, Denis. "Approche contradictoire d'un thème: Le Jas de Bouffan chez Cézanne." In Cézanne aujourd'hui. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1997, p. 80.
Lewis 2000
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. Cézanne. London: Phaidon, 2000, p. 74, fig. 39.
Benedetti 2002
Benedetti, Maria Teresa. "Cézanne: le idee, la mostra." In Cezanne: Il padre dei moderni. Milano: Mazzotta, 2002. Exhibition catalogue, ill. p. 25.
Lewis 2004
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "Cézanne's Paintings in the Grand Salon at Jas de Bouffan." In Jas de Bouffan: Cézanne, Société Paul Cézanne. Aix-en-Provence: Hexagone, 2004, fig. 75, ill. in color.
Tosini 2005
Tosini, Aurora Scotti. "Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)." In Cézanne, Renoir. Milan: Skira, 2005. Exhibition catalogue, p. 47, ill.
Feilchenfeldt 2005e
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. "Cézannes Gemälde: Formate und Themen, Echtheitsfragen." In "By Appointment Only": Schriften zu Kunst und Kunsthandel, Cézanne und Van Gogh. Wädenswil: Nimbus, 2005, p. 234, ill.
Jensen 2006
Jensen, Robert. "Vollard and Cézanne: An Anatomy of a Relationship." In Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. Exhibition catalogue, p. 39, fig. 40, as The Negro Scipion.
Société Paul Cézanne 2011
Société Paul Cézanne. P. Cézanne: À Paris et en Île de France. ed., Denis Coutagne. Marseille: Éditions Crès, 2011, p. 21, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion.
Lewis 2011a
Lewis, Mary Tompkins. "La montée de Cézanne à Paris." In Cézanne et Paris. Paris: Éditions de la Rmn-Grand Palais, 2011. Exhibition catalogue, p. 45, ill., as Le Nègre Scipion.
Dombrowski 2013
Dombrowski, André. Cézanne, Murder, and Modern Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, p. 40, fig. 17.
Nagaï 2016
Nagaï, Takanori. "Cézanne and Jas de Bouffan." In Le "basho" dans l'art moderne français. Tokyo: Sangensha, 2016, p. 115, ill.
Patin 2016
Patin, Sylvie. Monet's Private Picture Gallery at Giverny. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2016, p. 127, ill.
Lobstein 2017
Lobstein, Dominique. "Paul Cézanne in the Monet Collection." In Monet Collectionneur [Monet, The Collector]. Vanves: Editions Hazan, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, pp. 168–72, p. 170, ill.
Mathieu and Lobstein 2017
Mathieu, Marianne, and Dominique Lobstein with the collaboration of Claire Gooden. "Vue synoptique de la collection Monet." In Monet Collectionneur [Monet, The Collector]. Vanves: Editions Hazan, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 268, listed and ill.
Patin 2017
Patin, Sylvie. "Cézanne et Monet." In Paul Cezanne, Le chant de la terre. Martigny: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2017. Exhibition catalogue, p. 57, fig. 2.
Dauberville 2020
Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Floriane Dauberville. Paul Cezanne chez Bernheim-Jeune. Paris: Editions G-P.F. Dauberville & Archives Bernheim-Jeune, 2020, no. 206, ill., as Le nègre Scipion.
Notes

Scipion was a model at the Académie Suisse.  This work is stylistically close to L'Enlèvement (L'Enlèvement, 1867 (590)), which is dated 1867.

Record last updated July 18, 2022. Please note that the information on this and all pages is periodically reviewed and subject to change.
Citation: Société Paul Cezanne. "Le Nègre Scipion, c.1867 (FWN 422)." In The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cezanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné. www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=131 (accessed on March 28, 2024).